]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Ontology The collection of organized conceptual structures in which types of things form a generalization hierarchy and in which properties are defined to hold between instances of the types of things. An example is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cyc</a> ontology. ontology ontologies Ontology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology OWL ontology OWLOntology The collection of all ontologies represented in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r1cSkZhRsQdiElMDPRDyNxw" class="cyc_term">OWL_WebOntologyLanguage</a>. OntologyToBeExportedInSKOSFormat ontology to be exported in SKOS format The collection of all ontologies to be exported from Cyc as SKOS format taxonomies. USArmyFieldManual5-33VegetationMapCode US Army Field Manual 5 33 Vegetation Map Code CC2OntologyNotes CC 2 Ontology Notes EBOnline The information in the online version of Encyclopedia Britannica which can be found at http://search.eb.com/ Encyclopedia Britannica Online SyracuseOntology the Syracuse Ontology Federal information Processing Standard FIPS10-4Information1995 Federal Information Processing Standard codes are called FIPS codes. Geographical codes include FIPS4 and FIPS 10, which expanded on FIPS 6. OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL the Open GIS Simple Features Specification for SQL The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rN1IekteGEdmAAAAH6Q2cKw" class="cyc_term">OpenGISSimpleFeaturesSpecificationForSQL</a> is a standard adopted by the OpenGIS Consortium which defines a common SQL schema that supports storage, retrieval, query, and update of simple geospatial features. MeSH 1997 MeSH-Information1997 The information in the expanded 1997 version of the National Library of Medicine (NLM)'s thesaurus of Medical Subject Headings. SRATemplateExtractionOntology the SRA Template Extraction Ontology PLANET-IndexedInformationSource PLANET Indexed Information Source TheCycOntology the Cyc ontology The Cyc ontology. KANILanguage-PacificNorthwestNationalLaboratory The language designed for the KANI System by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. KANI The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWQvpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWeb_DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBcktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a>. It is all of the information content of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvit1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWeb_Concrete</a>. WorldWideWeb-DynamicIndexedInfoSource the World Wide Web Military Standard 2408 MilitaryStandard-2408 the Inxight Thing Finder classification category database InxightThingFinderCategoryDatabase The database of categories used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rSd0LYF8MQdeKFsDq3jPtuA" class="cyc_term">InxightThingFinder</a> software to classify entities that are extracted from unstructured texts. Such categories include 'name', 'person', and 'place'. The set of categories may be extended by developers using Thing Finder for particular applications. LSCOMVisualIBTOntology An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7D_EBSHQdiLMuoH7dC2KQ" class="cyc_term">Ontology</a>. The LSCOM visual IBT ontology is, at its most general level, an ontology of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjPtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>, used for video and image classification and retrieval. Many concepts in this ontology are defined in terms of their relaionships to concepts in the LSCOM objects and situations ontology (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rbGk9ACPUEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">LSCOMObjectAndSituationOntology</a>), an ontology of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a>. the LSCOM ontology of visual IBTs An Example ontology term used for the example triple store mapping. GenericOWLOntology Generic OWL Ontology ConceptNet-Version2-0 ConceptNet 2.0 Version 2.0 of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r6EYSRO0rQdiJ-vnWuNpK3A" class="cyc_term">ConceptNetKnowledgeBase</a>. SNOMED 3.0 SNOMED-Information1993 The information in SNOMED International, Version 3.0, the third edition of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7D_EBSHQdiLMuoH7dC2KQ" class="cyc_term">Ontology</a>, authored by CNLP (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rT3hrShAWQdiW04srL7X-mQ" class="cyc_term">CNLP</a>) for information retrieval purposes. CNLP Ontology CNLPOntology SENSUS is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjSEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KnowledgeBase</a>, created by the Information Sciences Institute at USC. An earlier version of it was known as Pangloss, and it was developed primarily in order to support machine translation.--OKeefe, Oct 15, 1997 SENSUS-Information1997 SENSUS-Information1997 UnifiedSoilClassificationSystem The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKphPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnifiedSoilClassificationSystem</a> is a standard developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers to identify and classify mineral and organic soils according to their textural and plasticity qualities and on their grouping with respect to behavior. The various groupings of this classification have been devised to correlate in a general way with the engineering behavior of soils. This correlation provides a useful first step in any field or laboratory investigation for engineering purposes. It can serve to make some general interpretations relating to probable performance of the soil for engineering uses. A detailed key to this classification system can be found at <a href= "http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/5-472/appb.htm">http://www.adtdl.army.mil/cgi-bin/atdl.dll/fm/5-472/appb.htm</a>. Unified Soil Classification System NationalSoilInformationSystem The focus of the National Cooperative Soil Survey is shifting from producing static printed soil survey reports to providing a dynamic resource of soils information for a wide range of needs. The National Soil Information System (NASIS) is the core component of this vision and is designed to manage and maintain soil data from collection to dissemination. National Soil Information System FOAF An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7D_EBSHQdiLMuoH7dC2KQ" class="cyc_term">Ontology</a> of classes and binary relations used by its developers for semantic web annotation. A description of the FOAF vocabulary can be found at <a href= "http://www.xmlns.com/foaf/spec">http://www.xmlns.com/foaf/spec</a>. FOAFOntology WordNet-Version2_0 WordNet 2.0 An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7D_EBSHQdiLMuoH7dC2KQ" class="cyc_term">Ontology</a>. The LSCOM object and situation ontology is, at its most general level, an ontology of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtM0npht0QdiUF94Dipp7Pg" class="cyc_term">TemporallyExistingThing</a>, with each concept in the ontology serving as the basis of the LSCOM Visual IBT ontology (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rJJmmvCPVEdqAAAACs71DGQ" class="cyc_term">LSCOMVisualIBTOntology</a>), an ontology of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjPtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationBearingThing</a>, nodes in which are defined in terms of various relations to nodes in this ontology. LSCOMObjectAndSituationOntology the LSCOM object and situation ontology VeridianOntology the Veridian Ontology The Calais Ontology TheCalaisOntology An ontology used by the Calais and OpenCalais programs to do text annotation. The information in the WordNet thesaurus program. WordNet 1.6 carries the following copyright information: <p/> 'WordNet 1.6 Copyright 1997 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. <p/> THIS SOFTWARE AND DATABASE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS' AND PRINCETON UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT- ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, DATABASE OR DOCUMENTATION WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS.' <p/> For more information or to download a copy of WordNet, go to http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/. WordNet 1.6 WordNet-1997Version The Unicode international standard for representing characters with binary codes. It covers the alphabets of the world's major languages, Chinese/Japanese/Korean characters, and various symbols and control codes. The standard encoding is two bytes per character. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPts15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ASCII</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPts15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ASCII</a> is a subset of Unicode, consisting of Unicode C0 Controls and Basic Latin. Characters have exactly the same hexidecimal code in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPts15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ASCII</a> as they do in Unicode except the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPts15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ASCII</a> hex code is two digits and Unicode is four. (The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPts15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ASCII</a> hex code of the character 'A' is 41 and the Unicode hex code is 0041.) The Unicode Consortium works in conjunction with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9rksZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternationalOrganizationForStandardization</a> (ISO/IEC/JTC1) and Unicode is compatible with the International Standard 10646. UnicodeStandard Unicode SNOMED 3.3 SNOMED-Information1996 The information in SNOMED International, Version 3.3, the third edition of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString StructuredInformationSource structured information source A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBObNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyIntangibleIndividual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StructuredInformationSource</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a> in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically). Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map; a document written in HTML (hyper-text markup language). Negative examples include computer programs, poems, and novels. Ontology The collection of organized conceptual structures in which types of things form a generalization hierarchy and in which properties are defined to hold between instances of the types of things. An example is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cyc</a> ontology. ontology Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL Ontology The collection of organized conceptual structures in which types of things form a generalization hierarchy and in which properties are defined to hold between instances of the types of things. An example is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cyc</a> ontology. ontology A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a> is an agreed-upon or conventional classification system consisting of several <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvubaMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConventionalClassificationType</a>s (q.v.). In such a system, a change or reclassification is possible by a decision of an authority, or by a changed social agreement, without changing the intrinsic natures of the actual objects in the classificatory categories. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNgIyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClassificationSystem</a>s include biological taxonomies, standard classifications, data dictionaries, thesauri, cultural taboo systems, military doctrinal systems, and calendar systems. conventional classification system ClassificationSystem Ontology The collection of organized conceptual structures in which types of things form a generalization hierarchy and in which properties are defined to hold between instances of the types of things. An example is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cyc</a> ontology. ontology The collection of all pieces of technology. Instances are artifacts, typically devices and machines, but also computer programs and other constructed systems that are 1) the result of applying scientific knowledge to real-world problems, and 2) can be used as a tool in the construction of additional artifacts (e.g., technology, such as a bulldozer or a crane, used in the construction of a building) or in generating a desired state of affairs, such as the creation of an artificial environment (e.g., technology used in refrigeration). Note that there is a normative sense of the word "technology" that refers to new or relatively modern pieces of technology, which this this collection does not represent. Technology-Artifact piece of technology first-order collection FirstOrderCollection An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtppU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNooX_CChEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FixedOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> is the collection of all specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> (q.v.) Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name