]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Wisdom Performing an activity wisely or with good judgment, defined in the context of that particular activity. wisdom

Wisdom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisdom Wisdom Performing an activity wisely or with good judgment, defined in the context of that particular activity. wisdom Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL PerformanceLevelQuantity manner in which an action is performed The most general type of attribute describing the manner in which an actor performs an action; specializations of this include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVic8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CorrectnessOfPosture</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVit4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Competence</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Precision</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViuZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dexterity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVigY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gracefulness</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Creativity</a>, etc. The elements of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Precision</a>, e.g., represent the various qualitative levels such as high precision, low precision, etc. script performance attribute type A collection of collections. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScriptPerformanceAttributeType</a> is a type of attribute that can be used to describe the manner in which actions are performed. Examples include: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVit4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Competence</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Precision</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViuZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dexterity</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVigY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gracefulness</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Creativity</a>, etc. So, e.g., one may run a race with some measure of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVigY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gracefulness</a>, some measure of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVit4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Competence</a>, etc. ScriptPerformanceAttributeType wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code>COL</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (ANECT) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code>COL</code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code>INST</code> of <code>COL</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code> essentially (i.e. <code>INST</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code>COL</code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code>COL</code>. Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers)) This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not necessarily true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. Wisdom Performing an activity wisely or with good judgment, defined in the context of that particular activity. wisdom