]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. competingAgents (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a> COMPETITION AGENT) means that the AGENT is a competitor in the contest or competition COMPETITION, and thus has a chance of being a winner of the competition. This excludes many participants of such events, such as referees, judges, and spectators. If the COMPETITION is a team competition, the individual team members are also excluded. competitor competitors 2 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-compete-verb-1 award winner (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">awardWinners</a> COMPETITION AGENT) means that AGENT wins an award for performance in COMPETITION. Typically awards are given to competitors in first, second and third place. However, sometimes awards are given only to the first place contestant or in recognition of a unique and particular strength of a given contestant's performance (e.g. sometimes awards are given for `most original'). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi30JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">winner_First</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a>. awardWinners (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ripXjpBCzEd2AAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">partyParticipatingInElections</a> ELECTION-GROUP PARTY) means that PARTY is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj82pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoliticalParty</a> with candidates fielded in the politically delimited group of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrmEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Election</a>s, ELECTION-GROUP. partyParticipatingInElections Party Participating In Elections competingAgents-TopLevel (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rnA-rZAhSEd6AAAAhm0QbaA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents_TopLevel</a> COMPETITION AGENT) means that AGENT is a competitor (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a>) in COMPETITION and there is no other agent of which AGENT is a part which is also a competitor in COMPETITION. Thus, for example, consider the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkGiants</a> and some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FootballGame_American</a> GAME such that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a> GAME <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkGiants</a>). The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkGiants</a> is not a part of any larger corporate entity which can also be said to be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a> in GAME: hence, it is true that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rnA-rZAhSEd6AAAAhm0QbaA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents_TopLevel</a> GAME <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkGiants</a>). Consider, in contrast, a team member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkGiants</a>, PLAYER, who plays in GAME. Because (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a> GAME <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkGiants</a>), it is also true that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a> GAME PLAYER): however, because player is a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkGiants</a>, it is NOT true that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rnA-rZAhSEd6AAAAhm0QbaA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents_TopLevel</a> GAME PLAYER). Competing Agents Top Level competingSportsTeam Competing Sports Team A typed spec-pred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a>. Where GAME is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjw95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CooperativeTeamSportsCompetition</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rFR9evJY7Ed2AAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">competingSportsTeam</a> GAME TEAM) means that TEAM is at least one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeam</a>s competing in GAME. partyParticipatingInElection (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rVpQYdh1EEd2AAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">partyParticipatingInElection</a> ELECTION PARTY) means that PARTY has fielded one of the candidates competing in ELECTION (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rg1wNSAwhEd2AAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">electionCandidates</a>). Party Participating In Election (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">contenders</a> COMP AGENT) indicates that AGENT, a competing agent in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Competition</a> COMP, is considered by anyone who is knowledgeable about the competition to have a good possibility of winning. contender contenders Election Candidates A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwL4_QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryRolePredicate</a> used to identify the contestants in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrmEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Election</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rg1wNSAwhEd2AAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">electionCandidates</a> ELECTION CANDIDATE) means that CANDIDATE is (in the 'timeless' sense of 'is' one of the declared candidates running in ELECTION. electionCandidates Present Tense Version Fn competitor (PresentTenseVersionFn competingAgents) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longshots</a> COMP AGENT) indicates that AGENT, a competing agent in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Competition</a> COMP, is expected NOT to win by anyone who is knowledgeable about the competition. longshots longshot competingPlayers (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMWB43AprEd6AAAAhm0QbaA" class="cyc_term">competingPlayers</a> COMPETITON PLAYER) means that PLAYER is a playing member (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rJrvWHpY7Ed2AAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">sportsTeamPlayers</a>) of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeam</a> that is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rFR9evJY7Ed2AAAACs6hbjw" class="cyc_term">competingSportsTeam</a> in GAME, and that PLAYER actually plays during the course of GAME. Competing Players judge (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi-eJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">judicialAgents</a> EV JUDGE) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> JUDGE is acting as a judge in the event EV. judicialAgents Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString competingAgents (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a> COMPETITION AGENT) means that the AGENT is a competitor in the contest or competition COMPETITION, and thus has a chance of being a winner of the competition. This excludes many participants of such events, such as referees, judges, and spectators. If the COMPETITION is a team competition, the individual team members are also excluded. competitor (InverseBinaryPredicateFn competingAgents) Inverse Binary Predicate Fn competitor mutually-negating predicate negationPreds A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNZi3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetaPredicate</a> for stating that two predicates are logical "contraries" of one another. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWEKXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negationPreds</a> PRED1 PRED2)</code> means that if <code>PRED1</code> holds among a given sequence of things, then <code>PRED2</code> does not hold among that sequence (and vice versa). Thus it is equivalent to <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">not</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">and</a> (PRED1 . ARGS) (PRED2 . ARGS))) .</pre> For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWEKXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negationPreds</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">owns</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwej5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rents</a>) holds, as one cannot both own and rent a given thing at the same time. Note that the argument types of <code>PRED1</code> and <code>PRED2</code> need not be the same, they merely must not be disjoint. Note also that <code>PRED1</code> and <code>PRED2</code> are constrained (see e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTUpnpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">interArgIsa</a>) either to both having the same fixed-arity (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_MjepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedArityRelation</a>) or to both having variable-arity (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV0LVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VariableArityRelation</a>s). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVtJUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negationInverse</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViaHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Format</a> (q.v.) that can be specified to hold of a given predicate with respect to a given argument-place (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYo24ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argFormat</a>). (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYo24ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argFormat</a> PRED N <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheFormat</a>) means that, for any particular way of fixing the other arguments to PRED besides the Nth, there might be any number (including zero) of things such that, if taken as the Nth argument, PRED holds of those arguments. For example, the format of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">biologicalMother</a>'s first argument-place is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheFormat</a>, since a female animal might have any number of offspring. Unlike the other reified instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViaHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Format</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheFormat</a> actually places no restriction at all on what PRED might or might not hold of with respect to the relevant argument-place. But one should not infer from this that entry-format assertions using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheFormat</a> are pointless; for they forestall duplication of effort by serving notice that the entry-format of a given argument-place has previously been considered and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheFormat</a> was deemed the appropriate format. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetTheFormat</a> is the most commonly-encountered format in the Cyc Knowledge Base. Contrast with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleEntry</a>. set argument entry format SetTheFormat seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNZi3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetaPredicate</a> for stating that one binary predicate is a generalization of the inverse of another binary predicate. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a> PRED GENL-INV-PRED)</code> means that <code>GENL-INV-PRED</code> is a "generalized inverse" of <code>PRED</code>. That is, <code>(PRED ARG1 ARG2)</code> implies <code>(GENL-INV-PRED ARG2 ARG1)</code>. For example, <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQ-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">grandchildren</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ancestors</a>)</code> means that grandparents are ancestors of their grandchildren. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVtJUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlPreds</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxE4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">negationInverse</a>. Genl Inverse genlInverse An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9mupZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArgFormatPredicate</a> (q.v.) used to place a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViaHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Format</a> (q.v.) constraint on the first (or "arg1") argument-place of a given predicate. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWGIa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arg1Format</a> PRED FORMAT) means that PRED's arg1 is constrained to FORMAT. See the reified instances <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViaHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Format</a> for further details. arg1Format Arg 1 Format A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. competition-social-topic Competition-Social-Topic quotedIsa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDeDIGEW0EdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raOoTci9qEdma4AACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is "implicitly quoted" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHb_bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> THING EXPR-TYPE)</code> does not mean that <code>THING</code> itself is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular CycL expression appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type #$PublicConstant. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is not a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an explicitly quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) #$PublicConstant). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an open expression, see the accompanying #$cyclistNotes. Quoted Isa A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> is a being that has desires or intentions, and the ability to act on those desires or intentions. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> may be individuals (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a>) or they may consist of several <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>s operating together (see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZGAFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiIndividualAgent</a>). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv6ZvwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_Agentive</a>. Agent-Generic generic agent The collection of binary predicates that describe a specified relation of an animal, group of animals (usually human animals), or an organization to another animal (also usually a human animal). These relations can be summed up by common nouns such as 'mother' or 'boss' or 'neighbor'. This class of predicates exists to facilitate parsing of sentences with forms such as 'X has a Y' or 'does X have a Y?' where Y is one of these relational nouns. relational noun slot RelationalNounSlot Sample Instance Of Type For Program Fn agentive role the Cyc Analytic Environment (SampleInstanceOfTypeForProgramFn AgentiveRole CycAnalyticEnvironment-TheProgram) A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyEmy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConflictEvent</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Competition</a> is a conflict event that typically involves one or more agents who are each striving to attain a certain goal uniquely or to outdo the other competitors with respect to some game or task. Examples include arm wrestling contests, football games, fighting for prey, competitive courting, racing events, and spelling bees. Note that it is possible for the competitors in a competition to be unaware that a competition has been going on until after it is over (e.g. the first year a "Best Restaurant in Town" award is given out in a particular city). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi3D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">competingAgents</a>. Competition competition An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwL4_QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryRolePredicate</a> is an instance of this collection just in case its corresponding (not necessarily reified) present tense progressive predicate (see #$rolePredicateHasCorrespondingPresentTenseVersion) holds of its arguments sometime during the duration of the event. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJ6G8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">castMembers</a> is an instance of this collection because its present tense progressive version (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rfllXevg0QdeIv4suW7ayqA" class="cyc_term">actingInDramaticPerformance</a>) holds of any argument pairs that stand in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJ6G8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">castMembers</a> for some time interval during the duration of the first argument. More precisely, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">implies</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">and</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ist</a> MT (PRED ARG-1 ARG-2)) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ist</a> MT (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVigqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">startingDate</a> ARG-1 DATE-1)) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ist</a> MT (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViiLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">endingDate</a> ARG-1 DATE-2)) (#$rolePredicateHasCorrespondingPresentTenseVersion PRED PRED-PT) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> PRED <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r4djPkKnZQdiLsbICSMhG-w" class="cyc_term">PresentTenseVersionHoldsSomeTimeInDuration</a>)) (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ist</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rq7luteeYEdaKyQACs6Mzww" class="cyc_term">MtSpace</a> MT (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rR1N5QzMdEdeSLwACs6Mzww" class="cyc_term">MtTimeWithGranularityDimFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rSe2PkV_UEdeHtAACs6Mzww" class="cyc_term">SomeTimeInIntervalFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIqh0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeIntervalInclusiveFn</a> DATE-1 DATE-2) GUID-STRING))) (PRED-PT ARG-1 ARG-2))) . PresentTenseVersionHoldsSomeTimeInDuration present tense version holds some time in duration has been reviewed in role predicate sweep A documentation constant. Constants denoting instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwL4_QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryRolePredicate</a> have been explicitly tagged as members of this collection just in case they have been reviewed and no other relevant tag has been asserted of the predicate. That is, none of the following tags have been deemed appropriate for the predicate. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruVpmuLY8Qdibl_MqCXqSoA" class="cyc_term">RolePredicateAgnosticTowardsPresentTenseTimeIndex</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r4djPkKnZQdiLsbICSMhG-w" class="cyc_term">PresentTenseVersionHoldsSomeTimeInDuration</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4re917PqncQdiPJYlP_Ltffg" class="cyc_term">PresentTenseVersionHoldsThroughoutDuration</a> In order to keep track of which predicates have been reviewed, the three collections above are asserted to be specializations of this collection. Also, we forwardly derive membership in this collection if the term appears in arg1 of any of the following predicates: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8iPcZKmxQdiVFKKyuNXEnw" class="cyc_term">roleWithEventTypeEntailsTimeIndex</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rT9K2iqmvQdiI4IxY6kSdaw" class="cyc_term">roleWithEventTypeEntailsSomeTimeInTimeIndex</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk1h0SKnEQdiIsN0ePlNNag" class="cyc_term">roleWithEventTypeAgnosticWRTTimeIndex</a> . HasBeenReviewedInRolePredicateSweep arg2Format Arg 2 Format An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9mupZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArgFormatPredicate</a> (q.v.) used to place a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViaHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Format</a> (q.v.) constraint on the second (or "arg2") argument-place of a given predicate. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVoULZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arg2Format</a> PRED FORMAT)</code> means that <code>PRED</code>'s arg2 is constrained to <code>FORMAT</code>. See the reified instances <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViaHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Format</a> for further details. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv09GqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetaRelation</a> used for stating that a given relation takes a specified number of arguments. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a> RELN N)</code> means that that semantic well-formedness requires that <code>RELN</code> take exactly <code>N</code> arguments at a time. That is, a formula <code>(RELN ARG1 ... ARGM)</code> is semantically well-formed only if <code>M</code> = <code>N</code>. For example, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a> of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a> is 2. Note that full semantic well-formedness requires obeying argument-type constraints (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV3kTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArgTypePredicate</a>) as well as arity constraints. For a general explanation of semantic well-formedness, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJHhhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLExpression_Assertible</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWAXgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLExpression_Askable</a>. arity arity