]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Being someone you aren't. Taking on a character role. Someday this may be partially related to lying. What actors do during plays. What comedians might do as part of a joke. Something children do for fun. acting Acting has enacted portrayal act will enact will act more thespian acts enacting enactment acted enact will have acted portrayals had enacted enacted have acted had acted enacts have enacted has acted most thespian enactments will have enacted thespian Acting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-act-verb-10 Dissembling A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Acting</a> and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBdWmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rveCe75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Deceiving</a>). In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rEXMs5Me9EdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">Dissembling</a>, someone behaves unnaturally or affectedly with the intention of making a false impression. dissembling ActingInATelevisionShow acting in a TV show DramaticActing dramatic acting This is the collection of events in which a person portrays someone or something other than himself as part of a dramatic performance - either for film or television, or in a live theater production. It is thus distinguished from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpwYrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerading</a>, which is also a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Acting</a>.--Huffer, Dec 2, 1998 acting in a movie ActingInAMovie The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Acting</a> that are filmed and used in any version of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv973YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a>. masquerading Masquerading This is the collection of events in which a person pretends to be someone or something other than himself, in some context other than that of a dramatic performance. The purpose of the pretense may be entertainment, however, as in the case of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpwYrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerading</a> on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Halloween</a>, or for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_JBMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MardiGras</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7rVhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MasqueradingAtASocialGathering</a>). On the other hand, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpwYrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerading</a> also include deliberately deceitful acts such as those that a con-artist might engage in in order to defraud someone (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9UV_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerading_Deceiving</a>). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpwYrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Masquerading</a> is distinct from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwEAJu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DramaticActing</a>, which is the collection of events in which a person portrays someone or something other than himself in the context of a dramatic performance (i.e., in a theatre, in front of an audience...). role-playing Roleplaying action with only one performer A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> is an action which can have only one &quot;doer&quot; (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>). Such actions may be intentional, but they need not be. Most bodily functions (e.g., the instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heartbeating</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjPypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bleeding_TheAction</a>) belong to specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a>, because the only doer of a normal bodily function is the body of a single agent. In order for a type of action (i.e., a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a>) to be a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a>, it must be inconsistent to assert, for any instance <code><b>ACT</b></code> of that type of action, both <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> <b>ACT</b> <b>X</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> <b>ACT</b> <b>Y</b>)</code>, where <code><b>X</b></code> and <code><b>Y</b></code> are different. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjSm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sleeping</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dying</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalWalkingProcess</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViMp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WritingByHand</a>. SingleDoerAction IntelligentAgentActivity intelligent agent activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> (q.v.). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGGsQIeqUEdqTjAACs6hPlA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgentActivity</a> is an action, each of whose &quot;doers&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQ9dkLFWAQdeQE7cXOq70Qg" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>s) is either an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> or a group of such agents (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are intelligent agents). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString communication A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and characterized by one or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> sub-events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is an event in which the transfer of information between or among agents is a focal action; communicating is the main purpose and/or goal in the event. That may be contrasted with events which involve communication but wherein the focus is different, e.g., playing cards (wherein the progressive actions -- and winning -- of the game are focal). Since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>, each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> event must be intentional on the part of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rt4Hz8rsOQdiUO4DMdSL3eA" class="cyc_term">communicatorOfInfo</a>; it may or may not be intentional on the part of the agent playing the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpBwKLLsPQdiZUP7Z9IOkww" class="cyc_term">infoCommunicatedTo</a> role. Hence, a speaker on a soapbox haranguing an indifferent crowd is performing an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>. In contrast, Juliet soliloquizing on her balcony, unaware that Romeo is listening to her, is not <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>; rather Romeo (and Juliet, unaware) are engaged in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWU4VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Eavesdropping</a>. Communicating may be either a one-way or a two-way transfer of information (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MultiDirectionalCommunication</a>). Every event belonging to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> contains at least one transfer of information between at least two agents who participate in the event. (Note that the latter requirement excludes reading and writing from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, when those events are just the private accessing or generating of information.) Communicating may be specialized in various ways, such as, by the method or medium used (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjJB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonVerbalCommunicating</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViSEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FaceToFacePresenceCommunicating</a>); by the type of information involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVihhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAnAgreement</a>); by the purpose of the communication (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVix4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjt_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Negotiating</a>); by the agents involved (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj_IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntraOrganizationCommunication</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StageProduction</a>). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a> include a symphony performance, an email message, a telephone call, a speech, a handshake, issuing a traffic ticket -- all of which normally, and focally, involve communication between two or more agents. Communicating learned activity This is the collection of activities which must first be learned before they can be performed--i.e., before any role which is a specPred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> can be played. LearnedActivityType Being someone you aren't. Taking on a character role. Someday this may be partially related to lying. What actors do during plays. What comedians might do as part of a joke. Something children do for fun. acting Acting pretending A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOImtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a> is an action in which a person pretends that something is true. Pretending Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI Being someone you aren't. Taking on a character role. Someday this may be partially related to lying. What actors do during plays. What comedians might do as part of a joke. Something children do for fun. acting Acting wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name Being someone you aren't. Taking on a character role. Someday this may be partially related to lying. What actors do during plays. What comedians might do as part of a joke. Something children do for fun. acting Acting