]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The juice of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FruitFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVicb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LemonTree</a>). lemon juice LemonJuice juice of lemons

Lemon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-lemon_juice-noun-1 Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString SourTaste sourness TangibleStuffCompositionType tangible stuff type A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. Instances are subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> whose membership is based only on the physical and/or chemical composition of their instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a> does not have as instances collections whose instances are determined _solely_ by the physical state they are in -- for that, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgDEAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffStateType</a>. However, many substances that chemically break down before melting (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FattyTissue</a>) _are_ included in this collection, even though they exist solely in one physical state. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>, as instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a> are all pieces of substance with the chemical composition H20. On the other hand , the collection of all pieces of ice (i.e. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPzX0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>)) is not a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>, because membership in that collection depends on the substance's composition _and_ on its physical state. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TalcumPowder</a> is not an instance of this collection because a fused mass of the substance would no longer be powder, but would still be of the same <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>. Further instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi30pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nylon</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GasolineFuel</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FattyTissue</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8apwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nitrogen</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViG-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glass</a>. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> -- those substance types defined solely by their chemical formulae. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI The juice of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FruitFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVicb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LemonTree</a>). lemon juice LemonJuice Juice Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juice</a> are quantities of liquid derived from fruits or other plant parts by either squeezing them or pulverizing them. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juice</a> consist mostly of water, with bits of plant tissue and dissolved compounds (e.g., sugars). Many kinds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juice</a> are considered to be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drink</a>; i.e., they are typically drunk as is, possibly chilled. Other kinds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juice</a> are considered only food ingredients, such as lime or lemon juice. Still other kinds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juice</a> might not be considered food at all, such as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juice</a> one might obtain by squeezing a bunch of grass clippings. juice A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWKHbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReformulatorConstant</a> that relates pairs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwE2kWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedDenotationalTerm</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is, in a sense, a "directional" version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> FAVORED-TERM DISFAVORED-TERM)</code> means that (1) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> and <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> denote the same thing, and (2) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is deemed worthy of being privileged over <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> in the following senses: assertions made on <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be propagated to <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>, and whenever possible attempts to reason about <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be transformed into attempts to reason about <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>. The propagated assertions will differ from the original assertions only in that the propagated assertions will be the result of substituting <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> for <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> wherever <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> occurs in the original assertions. Note that substitution does not happen in the opposite direction. That is, assertions containing <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> will not propagate to <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. One common use of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is that in which <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is a syntactically simpler term than <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. For example, <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> may contain fewer nested terms that denote <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a>s than does <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGGrfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>)) is a good example of this common sort of use. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> expresses a strictly conventional notion of "directional" equality. Pragmatic considerations, not ontology, will dictate which term is chosen to occur as the privileged (left-hand side) term in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> assertion. Thus, in the example the fact that simpler terms are generally easier to use (remember, manipulate, etc.) dictates that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> should be a rewrite of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGGrfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>), and not vice versa. Rewrite Of rewriteOf A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkI75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleStuff</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodIngredientOnly</a> is an edible substance that is used in making other food but isn't eaten by itself. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodIngredientOnly</a> may or may not require some preparation. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcz8zZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TableSalt</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVibv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VegetableOil</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ketchup</a> are specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodIngredientOnly</a>, since all of their instances are used only as ingredients or condiments. In contrast, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Egg_Chickens</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodIngredientOnly</a>; some of its instances serve as ingredients in cooking other dishes, but other instances are simply eaten after poaching or frying. Types of food, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVibapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pizza</a>, whose instances are never merely ingredients, are specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Food</a>. FoodIngredientOnly food ingredient The juice of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FruitFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVicb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LemonTree</a>). lemon juice LemonJuice (JuiceFn (FruitFn LemonTree)) The collection of all lemon juice. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjM2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juice</a>. lemon juice wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> (q.v.), and thus a collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a> is a collection of beverages or foodstuffs (a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkI75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleStuff</a>) that is by default disjoint with every other instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7Wnl6HM-EdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SubmarineSandwich</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCgLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rice_Foodstuff</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYhVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sauerkraut</a>. DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType type of food The juice of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FruitFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVicb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LemonTree</a>). lemon juice LemonJuice