]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Drugs whose ingestion, use, sale, or manufacture is prohibited by law. IllegalDrug illegal drug illegal drugs

Illegal drug trade

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade a green, aromatic liqueur that is 68 percent alcohol, is made with wormwood and other herbs, and has a bitter, licorice flavor: now banned in most Western countries. Absinthe absinthe The collection of all harvested (and possibly dried and shredded) psychoactive leaves and flowers of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HempPlant</a> (often with seeds and stems included). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxjoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Marijuana</a> is a recreational <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViLfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IllegalDrug</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQruVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaiveUSLawCOC</a> microtheory, and is also used to relieve intraocular pressure in glaucoma, to relieve nausea in chemotherapy patients, to enhance appetite, and for other medical purposes. marijuana Marijuana a white, bitter, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riSYy-HS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Crystalline</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkK35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Alkaloid</a>, the most important narcotic and addictive constituent of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViu8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Opium</a>, obtained by extraction and crystallization and used chiefly in medicine as a pain reliever and sedative. Morphine morphine Heroin a white, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riSYy-HS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Crystalline</a>, narcotic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_G0V0HS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Powder</a>, derived from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQ6EdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Morphine</a>, formerly used as an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjr8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Analgesic</a> and sedative. heroin methylene dioxymethamphetamine: an amphetamine derivative, C11H15NO2, that reduces inhibitions and that was used in psychotherapy until it was banned in the U.S. in 1985. It is currently used typically by young adults and adolescents at clubs, raves, and rock concerts. methylene dioxymethamphetamine MDMA-TheStimulant Cocaine-Crack <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a> is produced by boiling <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a> in a solution of #$BakingSoda and water, producing 'rocks' of 100-500 miligrams, each about 75-90% pure cocaine. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a> is chemically a base form of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a>, and unlike <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a>, vaporizes at a low enough temperature to be smoked, but does not dissolve in water and is not readily absorbed into the body if ingested, snorted, or injected. Therefore is generally smoked in a pipe or cigarette, which produces a very rapid effect on the user. The cocaine reaches the brain within 30 seconds, and maximum physiological and psychotropic effects occur within 1-2 minutes. Another base form of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> is freebase, which is more dangerous to produce than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a>. crack cocaine Cocaine <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> is a naturally occurring substance present in the leaves of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CocaPlant</a>. Pharmacologically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has two prominent actions: it is a potent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVoehJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalAnesthetic</a>, and it is a powerful <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjC2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stimulant</a>. Psychotropically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain, causing alertness and heightened energy, a sense of euphoria, decreased anxiety and social inhibitions, and heightened sexuality. Side-effects include addiction, anxiety, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, and possibly paranoia. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has been used in South America for more than 3,000 years and in the United States since the 19th century in a variety of forms: coca leaves, coca paste, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a>, and cocaine base (e.g., freebase and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a>). cocaine hashish Hashish The psychoactive resin found in seeds, flowers, leaves, and stems of female <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HempPlant</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpXouZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hashish</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViLfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IllegalDrug</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQruVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaiveUSLawCOC</a> microtheory. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL Drugs whose ingestion, use, sale, or manufacture is prohibited by law. IllegalDrug illegal drug Drugs whose ingestion, use, sale, or manufacture is prohibited by law. IllegalDrug illegal drug A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8FjPpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrugSubstance</a> is something that can be introduced into an organism's body to produce certain physiological effects. This collection includes naturally-occurring substances, as well as manufactured substances (for the latter, see the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViu95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DrugProduct</a>). DrugSubstance drug contraband The collection of all goods whose possession, production, transportation, or use is prohibited by law. This collection depends upon the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVihYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GovernmentCOC</a> in effect at a given place and time for specific classes of individuals. Contraband ExistingStuffType type of temporally and spatially stuff-like thing A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> STUFFTYPE <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>)</code> implies both (i) for most instances <code>STUFF</code> of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>, for any proper physical part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>) <code>PART</code> of <code>STUFF</code>, <code>PART</code> is also an instance of <code>STUFFTYPE</code> and (ii) for all instances <code>STUFF</code> of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>, for most proper physical parts <code>PART</code> of <code>STUFF</code>, <code>PART</code> is also an instance of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>. For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVimxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wood</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> include the collections #$AppleJuice, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IceCream</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgC2UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCaCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaxedPaper</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StriatedMuscle</a>. See the comment for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. Drugs whose ingestion, use, sale, or manufacture is prohibited by law. IllegalDrug illegal drug wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name