]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. lying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBdWmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOImtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying fabrication fibbed has fibbed deceiving prevaricate has lied prevaricates deception will prevaricate will have lied prevarication lied prevarications have lied had fibbed fibs will have fibbed have prevaricated will have deceived have fibbed fabrications has deceived deceive lies deceives will have prevaricated lie has prevaricated will lie deceived will fib had prevaricated deceptions fib will deceive had lied prevaricating had deceived fibbing prevaricated have deceived

Lie

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-fib-noun-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-lie-verb-5 romancing Romancing-Lying A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rb7DuQbG6EdmAhAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">Romancing_Lying</a>, someone tells romantic or exaggerated lies. IntelligentAgentActivity intelligent agent activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> (q.v.). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGGsQIeqUEdqTjAACs6hPlA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgentActivity</a> is an action, each of whose "doers" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQ9dkLFWAQdeQE7cXOq70Qg" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>s) is either an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> or a group of such agents (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are intelligent agents). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a>. lying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBdWmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOImtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString learned activity This is the collection of activities which must first be learned before they can be performed--i.e., before any role which is a specPred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> can be played. LearnedActivityType informing Informing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a> conveys some piece of propositional information--i.e. information of the sort that can be true or false. The information conveyed in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> is presented by the sender as being true, though it may in fact be false. Thus, passing on misinformation counts as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, as do acts of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>. Note that the propositional nature of the information conveyed in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> may be implicit; for example, if Alice asks 'What's your favorite color?' and Bob simply responds 'Red', Bob has implicitly conveyed the proposition Bob's favorite color is red. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1IVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reporting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rSVeRKEhvQdiNRftUJQEofA" class="cyc_term">Testifying</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXZEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnnouncingSomething</a>. pretending A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrOVYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulPhysicalAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOImtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a> is an action in which a person pretends that something is true. Pretending Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI attempt to perform lying (AttemptingFn Lying) a writing and/or talking (TheCovering Writing Talking) lying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBdWmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lying</a>), and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOImtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pretending</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViR3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lying</a> is an event in which the performer is not telling the truth, believes that what he is saying is not true, and intends to be saying what he says to get his audience to believe what he says. Lying A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlot</a> that relates a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjl_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollection</a> (q.v.) to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv93EfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SetOrCollectionType</a> (q.v.) that "covers" it, i.e. the union of all of the latter's elements (which are themselves sets or collections) includes all of the former's elements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covering</a> SETORCOL COVER) means that COVER is a covering of SETORCOL: the elements of COVER are themselves mathematical sets or collections, and every element of SETORCOL is an element of at least one of the elements of COVER. For example, the Linnaean taxonomy of types of living things (Dog, Mammal, Chordate, Fungus, etc.) is a covering of the set of all animals alive today, as every animal alive today is a member of one or more of the Linnaean categories. Note that COVER may contain "extra" elements that are not members of SETORCOL. For example, the union of all the Linnaean categories (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a>) is actually much larger than the set of animals alive today, encompassing as it does plants, extinct animal species, etc. In order to express an assertion about covering, one need not create a new constant from scratch to play the role of COVER if such a constant doesn't already exist. Instead, using the function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMTOWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheCovering</a> (q.v.), one can specify a covering by enumerating its elements. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMTOWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheCovering</a> is a special <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReifiableFunction</a> whose principal reason-for-being is to facilitate the inference heuristics associated with assertions about covering.) covering Covering (Cyc taxonomic predicate) TemporalObjectType temporal object type A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>. More precisely, a collection <code>COL</code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then not <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is not a temporal-object-type. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name