]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. The collection of substances that are toxic or poisonous to humans toxic substance ToxicSubstance toxic substances toxins toxicer toxic poisons poison toxin toxicest

Poison

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-poison-noun-1 Propanol The collection of all propanol. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Alcohol_Compound</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rPobN9faKEdaaVAACs6hnmQ" class="cyc_term">Propanol</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRn1i8PJ9QdaWb5oTir-gPg" class="cyc_term">PolyCompoundChemicalType</a>. propanol Ammonia ammonia The collection of all volumes of ammonia gas, NH3. This collection does not refer to the household product called ammonia, which is a solution or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv1v9spwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ammonia</a> in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjAHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Water</a>. SulfuricAcid sulfuric acid The collection of samples of H2SO4. nitric acid The collection of all samples of nitric acid. Nitric Acid is a strong acid that can be made by dissolving sodium nitrate in sulfuric acid. Its chemical formula is HNO3. NitricAcid The collection of all samples of insecticides -- i.e. chemicals designed to kill insects. insecticide Insecticide ferrous sulfate IronSulfate A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZw4QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InorganicCompound</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rWEQ7vvNrQdaVQtdwGka5eA" class="cyc_term">IronSulfate</a> are composed of one atom of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Iron</a>, one atom of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjm3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sulfur</a>, and four atoms of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a>. silver acetate SilverAcetate An organic chemical compound. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ru2G9SjrvQdeVKJDUhTefcQ" class="cyc_term">SilverAcetate</a> is a sample of the compound AgC2H3O2. Arsenic All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of arsenic; typically, these will be tightly bound into solid form -- but not necessarily. arsenic carbon monoxide CarbonMonoxide Acetone acetone C3H6O. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rK82dDuzrQdaYcJZo3AyEcg" class="cyc_term">Acetone</a> is a ketone. It is also known as 'propanone' and it is a common household solvent. cholinesterase inhibiting substance The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>s that can react with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rD8MKQ1upEdeFCAACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">Acetylcholinesterase</a> in an animal's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NervousSystem</a>. In sufficient dosages, instance of this collection can induce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rD8NYY1upEdeFCAACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">AcetylcholinePoisoning</a>. CholinesteraseInhibitingSubstance Butanol butanol The collection of all butanol. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Alcohol_Compound</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raniSkkQmQdeVKeGRc32idA" class="cyc_term">Butanol</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRn1i8PJ9QdaWb5oTir-gPg" class="cyc_term">PolyCompoundChemicalType</a>. BiologicalToxin A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a> produced by some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjE1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organism_Whole</a>. An example is the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum; the toxin is responsible for the cluster of effects seen in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1IdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Botulism</a>. biological toxin A piece of mercury; this is usually a liquid, at least here on Earth. Mercury mercury HydrogenSulfide hydrogen sulfide The collection of samples of hydrogen sulfide, a weak acid. H2S has medium acid strength. SodiumHydroxide sodium hydroxide The collection of all samples of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQ8z4sPNSQdabv-tpfnngVA" class="cyc_term">SodiumHydroxide</a> are bases and ionic compounds. When dissolved in water they release sodium ions(+) and hydroxide ions(-). A instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk-QXFOqPQdaTEP2JRDHw9A" class="cyc_term">IonicCompoundType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3vT-6PXQQdaKCfkyUgeA-Q" class="cyc_term">IonicCompound</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rbB-IEAvKQdeDreKveaYHQg" class="cyc_term">SilverChloride</a> is a sample of the compound AgCl. SilverChloride silver chloride choking agent ChokingAgentStuff The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>s designed to cause hemorrhage in the blood vessels of the lungs, effectively causing the victim to choke to death. hydrochloric acid solution (SolutionFn (LiquidFn Water) HydrogenChloride) The collection of all hydrochloric acid solution. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBLGCTO3sQdaHKbcoYB_bTA" class="cyc_term">AqueousSolution</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>. sodium sulfate SodiumSulfate Cyanide An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>.Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> are harmful substances where each molecule consists of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNHGM4fKpEdaGcgABAxv6tg" class="cyc_term">CyanideIon</a> with one or more atoms of another element. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP6gLhndAQdeULZSdNnMymA" class="cyc_term">Cyanide</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYBDSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CyanogenChloride</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruEn9ymoLQdeV5erh0QePDg" class="cyc_term">SodiumCyanide</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHZmwJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HydrogenCyanide</a>. isocyanide Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRExppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EmeticAgentStuff</a> are substances that, if inhaled or ingested, will induce vomiting. emetic substance EmeticAgentStuff The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>s designed to cause temporary disability in its target. IncapacitatingAgentStuff incapacitating substance The collection of all sodium fluoride. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBjWwGHS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">WhiteColor</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZw4QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InorganicCompound</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3vT-6PXQQdaKCfkyUgeA-Q" class="cyc_term">IonicCompound</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjZVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Solid_StateOfMatter</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r-i4csjfPQdeBM9-0H12ddA" class="cyc_term">SodiumFluoride</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>. SodiumFluoride sodium fluoride BloodAgentStuff The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>s designed to cause swift death when inhaled. They operate by interfering with oxygen use at the cellular level. blood agent CH3OH. An alcohol which is used to make formaldehyde, and is used as an antifreeze. methanol MethylAlcohol The collection of all hydrogen cyanide, whether in gaseous form or in solution as hydrocyanic acid [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk4YlSvjcQdaTcrW4KkVszg" class="cyc_term">HydrocyanicAcid</a>]. HydrogenCyanide hydrogen cyanide acrolein Acrolein The collection of all acrolein. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8ds7nsqqQdeJJ86Km_otCA" class="cyc_term">LachrymationInducingStuff</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rr4Rvwr7UQdeKh4FF_Z5OrQ" class="cyc_term">Acrolein</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>. The collection of samples of potassium hydroxide; a strong base. Its' chemical formula is KOH. potassium hydroxide PotassiumHydroxide A collection. Each instance is a portion of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-oWT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AgentOrange</a> is an herbicide sprayed on plants as a defoliant. It has been used mainly in modern guerilla conflicts, notably in the #$VietnamWar. Although <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-oWT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AgentOrange</a> is not used against troops like #$NerveGas, it is classified as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcbaO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalWeapon</a> because it's used to gain strategic advantage, either by reducing the amount of vegetation enemy troops can use for cover or by destroying an enemy's civilian crops. The name is a US military code name which comes from the color of the containers used for this <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcbaO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalWeapon</a> in the #$VietnamWar. AgentOrange agent orange The collection of individual toxins that can damage or destroy nerve tissue. neurotoxin Neurotoxin Gases which are usually considered harmful to breathe. poison gas ToxicGas sodium nitrate SodiumNitrate castor bean seed (SeedFn CastorBeanPlant) The collection of all castor bean seeds. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Seed</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>. CopperSulfate copper sulfate An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk-QXFOqPQdaTEP2JRDHw9A" class="cyc_term">IonicCompoundType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZw4QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InorganicCompound</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZ715aPycQdaQNoNoxmdgLA" class="cyc_term">CopperSulfate</a> is a sample of the compound CuSO4. blister agent The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ToxicSubstance</a>s designed to destroy skin and tissue. They may also cause blindness and respiratory damage. BlisterAgentStuff AluminumSulfide aluminum sulfide A chemical compound. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMMQCpERbQdefb8S8tYDsOQ" class="cyc_term">AluminumSulfide</a> is a sample of the compound Al2S3. ammonium phosphate AmmoniumPhosphate A chemical compound. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rakdOBkRfQdeCV8imTAHrrQ" class="cyc_term">AmmoniumPhosphate</a> is a sample of the compound NH4H2PO4. VM VM-NerveAgent An extremely lethal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rD8azwVupEdeFCAACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">NerveAgentType</a>. PotassiumNitrate saltpeter A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZw4QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InorganicCompound</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rO6EiYPNrQdaE5aCbfaXOiw" class="cyc_term">PotassiumNitrate</a> are composed of one atom of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkI5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Potassium</a>, one atom of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8apwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nitrogen</a>, and three atoms of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oxygen</a>. potassium nitrite A chemical compound. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rWoCf9ERkQdecoodd-jrDBw" class="cyc_term">PotassiumNitrite</a> is a sample of the compound KNO2. PotassiumNitrite All pieces (i.e., specific collections of nearby molecules) of Bromine. Bromine is a heavy, volatile, corrosive, reddish-brown nonmetallic substance that is liuquid under normal physical conditions. Bromine bromine mind-altering drug The collection of all substances which, in sufficient doses, can cause hallucinations, euphoia, delirium, hyperalertness, drowsiness, or other mental effects. Many such substances are used recreationally and many of them are banned from recreational use in various juristictions. PsychoactiveAgent The collection of all substances with the ability to cause a disease in a human due to contact or being taken into the body. human pathogen HumanPathogen Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The collection of substances that are toxic or poisonous to humans toxic substance ToxicSubstance Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI The collection of substances that are toxic or poisonous to humans toxic substance ToxicSubstance The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type The collection of substances that are toxic or poisonous to humans toxic substance ToxicSubstance BiochemicallyHarmfulSubstance biochemically harmful substance A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Instances are portions of substances that are harmful to people. ExistingStuffType type of temporally and spatially stuff-like thing A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> STUFFTYPE <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>)</code> implies both (i) for most instances <code>STUFF</code> of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>, for any proper physical part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>) <code>PART</code> of <code>STUFF</code>, <code>PART</code> is also an instance of <code>STUFFTYPE</code> and (ii) for all instances <code>STUFF</code> of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>, for most proper physical parts <code>PART</code> of <code>STUFF</code>, <code>PART</code> is also an instance of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>. For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVimxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wood</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> include the collections #$AppleJuice, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IceCream</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgC2UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCaCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaxedPaper</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StriatedMuscle</a>. See the comment for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name candidate KB completeness node CandidateKBCompletenessNode