]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrtS6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StructuredInformationSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a> is an information-bearing thing that presents (usually numeric) data in a two-dimensional matrix of cells that are organized into rows and columns so that people can view it. A spreadsheet may be produced by hand with pencil and paper or generated by a computer <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpreadsheetProgram</a> (q.v.) such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViw7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lotus123</a> onto a computer screen or hardcopy device. Associated with every spreadsheet are mathematical definitions of some of its cells as a function of other cells in that spreadsheet. A database [see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a>] that holds the information from which the spreadsheet is generated is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a>. Spreadsheet spreadsheet spreadsheets Spreadsheet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheet HumanAccessibleIBT A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s, each of which contains information, for a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who understands how to interpret it. Examples include a copy of the novel _Moby Dick_, a signal buoy, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjZ7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photograph</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flag</a>, an elevator sign in Braille, a map, a US dollar bill, a word in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTv7pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericanSignLanguage</a> and a musical performance. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s that must be processed by some device (movie reels, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhonographRecord</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvaeFVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DVD_Disk</a>s, etc.) are not included in this collection. An important specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdCO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a>, composed of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrtS6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a>s that are also objects (i.e,. instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>). Thus the copy of _Moby Dick_, the buoy, the photograph and the flag mentioned above are also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdCO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a>s -- but not the word in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTv7pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericanSignLanguage</a>, nor the musical performance. human culture specific information bearing thing Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString StructuredInformationSource structured information source A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBObNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyIntangibleIndividual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StructuredInformationSource</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a> in which bits of information are represented as related in a systematic way that is easily characterized by some type of formal structure, including spatial or architectural terms (used metaphorically). Examples include: a database organized in fields and values; a spreadsheet organized in rows and columns with entries; an organizational tree diagram with nodes and branches; a topographical map; a document written in HTML (hyper-text markup language). Negative examples include computer programs, poems, and novels. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL Spreadsheet A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrtS6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StructuredInformationSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a> is an information-bearing thing that presents (usually numeric) data in a two-dimensional matrix of cells that are organized into rows and columns so that people can view it. A spreadsheet may be produced by hand with pencil and paper or generated by a computer <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpreadsheetProgram</a> (q.v.) such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViw7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lotus123</a> onto a computer screen or hardcopy device. Associated with every spreadsheet are mathematical definitions of some of its cells as a function of other cells in that spreadsheet. A database [see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a>] that holds the information from which the spreadsheet is generated is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a>. spreadsheet Spreadsheet A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrtS6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StructuredInformationSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a> is an information-bearing thing that presents (usually numeric) data in a two-dimensional matrix of cells that are organized into rows and columns so that people can view it. A spreadsheet may be produced by hand with pencil and paper or generated by a computer <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpreadsheetProgram</a> (q.v.) such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViw7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lotus123</a> onto a computer screen or hardcopy device. Associated with every spreadsheet are mathematical definitions of some of its cells as a function of other cells in that spreadsheet. A database [see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a>] that holds the information from which the spreadsheet is generated is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a>. spreadsheet IBTContentType A collection of collections. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvidr35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTContentType</a> are specs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Each such instance (that is, each IBTContentType) is specified primarily by the type or organization of information contained by its instances. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP2KM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JazzMusic</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a> are all IBTContentTypes, since each is primarily distinguished from other kinds of IBTs by the nature or organization of the information contained. Non-examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkJAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Generic</a>, since compact discs are distinguished by their physical format, rather than their information content. (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjSAy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTFormatType</a>). IBTContentTypes whose instances contain not just similar but identical information (such as a single magazine issue, or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJ1dg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CitizenKane_TheMovie</a>), should be made specs of the more specific <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViqv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpecifiedInformationBearingThingType</a>. IBTContentTypes whose instances are members of a series (for example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu55tJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarTrek_Classic</a>) should be made instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwEbBc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTSeriesType</a>. type of information bearing thing classified by content InformationAndCWs-Topic information and CWs topic SpatiallyDisjointObjectType type of object whose instances do not physically overlap A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. <p/> For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name Spreadsheet A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrtS6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBT</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StructuredInformationSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a> is an information-bearing thing that presents (usually numeric) data in a two-dimensional matrix of cells that are organized into rows and columns so that people can view it. A spreadsheet may be produced by hand with pencil and paper or generated by a computer <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpreadsheetProgram</a> (q.v.) such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViw7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lotus123</a> onto a computer screen or hardcopy device. Associated with every spreadsheet are mathematical definitions of some of its cells as a function of other cells in that spreadsheet. A database [see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Database_Physical</a>] that holds the information from which the spreadsheet is generated is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spreadsheet</a>. spreadsheet