]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. writer The kind of people that have written a composition, for example students, professional writers. Authors are NOT necessary professionals (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writer</a>) as they don't necessarily do it for pay, or do it as a central job related activity. Author authors writers author Author http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Author http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-writer-noun-2 Novelist The collection of all novelists, which are persons who write novels. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMcZI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi18JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Novelist</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rX9y6DNpnQdecJ7DWqbTdIw" class="cyc_term">AuthorTypeByFormat</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a>, and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r47Ru3NpoQdeTed0_ATzdJQ" class="cyc_term">ArtistTypeByArtForm</a>. novelist TechnicalWriter A person who writes technical documents for a living. technical writer diary keeper A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViowZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Author</a>. Each instance is a someone who keeps a diary or journal. Diarist fantasy writer FantasyWriter The collection of writers who write Fantasy fiction Biographer biographer The collection of all biographers. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writer</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmIcyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Biographer</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rosD3wNpnQdeS28YedLqb6Q" class="cyc_term">AuthorTypeBySubject</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a>. RomanceWriter The collection of writers who write Romance stories or novels. romance writer Writer writer Not the same as Author. A writer is someone who writes as an occupation (for a living); an author may or may not be a writer A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViowZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Author</a>. Each instance is a someone who writes plays. playwright Playwright journalist Journalist The collection of persons who write for periodicals Co-author The collection of all coauthors. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writer</a>. coauthor screen writer Screenwriter The collection of people who write screenplays for a living. songwriter The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> who write songs. Songwriter The collection of writers who write mystery novels or stories mystery writer MysteryWriter A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViowZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Author</a>. Each instance is a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry). poet Poet ScienceFictionWriter The collection of writers who write Science Fiction science fiction writer Jacques Thibault JacquesAnatoleThibault AliceWalker Alice Walker EyvindJohnson Eyvind Johnson SinclairLewis Sinclair Lewis Shmuel Agnon ShmuelYosefAgnon AntoninArtaud Antonin Artaud KnutHamsun Knut Hamsun EdmundBurke Edmund Burke SojournerTruth Sojourner Truth HenrykSienkiewcz Henryk Sienkiewicz William Golding WilliamGolding Thucydides Thucydides is an Athenian who wrote the history of the Peloponesian War. Thucydides JohnCage-Author John Cage Thomas Hobbes ThomasHobbes GaoXingjian Gao Xingjian EudoraWelty Eudora Welty Heinrich Boll HeinrichBoll KenzaburoOe Kenzaburo Oe Rudolf Euken RudolfChristophEuken MarcelProust-Author Marcel Proust VictorHugo Victor Hugo Carl Spitteler CarlSpitteler HarryMartinson Harry Martinson Pythagoras <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPJozpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pythagoras</a> was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Pythagoras IsaacBashevisSinger Isaac Singer <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrTAcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BFSkinner</a> is a psychologist famous for introducing the notion of operant conditioning, Burrhus Skinner BFSkinner MichailSholokhov Michail Sholokhov RomainRolland Romain Rolland SelmaLagerlof Selma Lagerlof NaguibMahfouz Naguib Mahfouz Francois Mauriac FrancoisMauriac HenryMiller-Author Henry Miller C S Peirce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwMvxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharlesPeirce</a> was the first significant American <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-Pbe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Logician</a>. CharlesPeirce ChristianMommsen Christian Matthias Mommsen Camilo Cela CamiloJoseCela Wole Soyinka WoleSoyinka IvoAndric Ivo Andric Henrik Pontoppidan HenrikPontoppidan Elias Canetti EliasCanetti Charles de Montesquieu CharlesDeMontesquieu Winston Churchill WinstonChurchill FransEemilSillanpaa Frans Sillanpaa Mario Puzo MarioPuzo Henri Bergson HenriBergson Beatrix Potter BeatrixPotter-Author Sigrid Undset SigridUndset IvanBunin Ivan Bunin RogerMartinDuGard Roger Du Gard JamesThurber-Author James Thurber AgathaChristie-Author Agatha Christie JeanJacquesRousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau Samuel Clemens SamuelClemens Carl Von Heindenstam CarlVonHeindenstam Grazia Madesani GraziaMadesani PatrickWhite-Author Patrick White JaroslavSeifert Jaroslav Seifert AdamSmith Adam Smith Adam Smith, the Scottish economist who wrote The Wealth of Nations. TrumanCapote Truman Capote Person-2634 Ilan Berman FredBrooks Frederick Brooks Yasunari Kawabata YasunariKawabata Miguel Asturias MiguelAngelAsturias KarlAdolphGjellerup Karl Gjellerup AlbertCamus Albert Camus John Locke JohnLocke LuigiPirandello Luigi Pirandello GiorgosSeferiadis Giorgos Seferiadis The historical individual who, through extensive letter-writing and missionary work, began the transformation of Christianity from a Jewish reform-movement to a full-blown religion in its own right. Not a contemporary of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViyXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusOfNazareth</a>, Paul allegedly decided to devote his life to that prophet's teachings after a ghostly encounter with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3n0p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">JesusChrist</a> on the roadside. Paul-GospelWriter Saint Paul Wladyslaw Reyment WladyslawReyment AndreGide Andre Gide John Derek JohnDerek William Faulkner WilliamFaulkner SigmundFreud Sigmund Freud Tennessee Williams TennesseeWilliams RichardDawkins Richard Dawkins DarioFo Dario Fo WilliamJames William James GunterGrass Gunter Grass HarrietBeecherStowe-Author Harriet Beecher Stowe Colette Colette Halldor Laxness HalldorKiljanLaxness Karl Marx KarlMarx Gore Vidal GoreVidal ClaudeSimon Claude Simon JerzyKosinski-Author Jerzy Kosinski Facets-Generic facets-Generic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhOImJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> (q.v.). This is the most general of the &quot;faceting&quot; predicates. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> <b>COL</b> <b>COLTYPE</b>)</code> means that <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code> corresponds to one way of dividing <code><b>COL</b></code> into subcollections. The instances of <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code> are all &quot;the same sort&quot; of subcollection of <code><b>COL</b></code>. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rhz6DbnSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">MovieTypeByGenre</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv973YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a> according to movie-genre; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0pzgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFmUH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HorrorMovie</a>. And <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> according to the type of thing a given function returns as values; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualDenotingFunction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionDenotingFunction</a>. <p/> Note that generic faceting does not entail that the instances of <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code> are mutually disjoint. Thus, a given film might be an instance of <i>both</i> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCRfN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChildrensMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VcW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionMovie</a>. <p/> Note also that generic faceting does not entail that every instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> falls under some instance of <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code>. Thus, consider the universal identity function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSspMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IdentityFn</a>. Its range of values is so broad that it does not fall under any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a>. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>, as well as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgQmwRl2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearCovering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CIljCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CJFjCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearPartition</a>. Whenever possible, one of these more specific predicates should be used. AuthorTypeByFormat A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViowZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Author</a> whose instances are all of the same format. author type by format A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViowZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Author</a> whose instances are all of the same subject. AuthorTypeBySubject author type by subject Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI Artist A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. Each instance of this collection is a person who produces or performs works of art. This includes performing artists (whose works are transitory unless recorded) as well as visual artists, literary writers, and composers (whose works are intended to last for a significant length of time and be viewed or otherwise appreciated after the artist finishes them). A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViimpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artist_Visual</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjHuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtObject</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">artisticWorksCreated</a>. artist DB pedia OWL class DBPediaOWLClass A collection of collections. Each instance of this collection is a collection that corresponds to one of the classes in the DBPedia ontology. BT broaderTerm <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> means that <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is <i>broader</i> than <code><b>TERM1</b></code>, in an extremely general sense of &quot;broader&quot;. For example, <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is, in the relevant sense, broader than <code><b>TERM1</b></code> if any of the following hold:<br><br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that subsumes <code><b>TERM1</b></code>; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection that has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as an instance; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> is a collection, instances of which have instances of the collection <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as parts; <br> <code><b>TERM2</b></code> has <code><b>TERM1</b></code> as a part; <br><br> This list of reasons for why <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> <b>TERM1</b> <b>TERM2</b>)</code> could hold is not exhaustive, but it should give a good indication of how general the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZOAVeiYGEdqAAAACs2IMmw" class="cyc_term">broaderTerm</a> relation actually is. person A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVilYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualAgent</a>: the collection of all persons. Personhood is a vague, emotionally loaded yet extremely salient concept with respect to common-sense reasoning. Something is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> if it is an individual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> with perceptual sensibility, capable of complex social relationships, and possessing a certain moral sophistication and an intrinsic moral value, or -- if it lacks certain of these characteristics -- is a member of a distinct type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViknpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocialBeing</a> (usually a species) which generally possesses such characteristics and is therefore acknowledged by other members of that type as a person within their social systems. Most currently known instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> but there is no reason why all need be (consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdRsSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hobbit</a>s in the fictional world of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi8lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LordOfTheRings_Trilogy</a>). They need not even be instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (consider the possibility of a person-like AI). Also note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a> excludes non-human &quot;legal persons&quot;, who are, however, included in the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalAgent</a>. Person type of profession A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWgxLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByActivity</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> is a collection of workers (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>) and is defined in terms of the kind of work done. The various instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVii2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByOccupation</a> correspond to jobs of all kinds, and not just to those colloquially called &quot;professions&quot;. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjONJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgrammerProfessional</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjkWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodServiceEmployee</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwxbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareProfessional</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwl6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SalesRepresentative</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjilJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brewer</a>, and many others. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQr5OpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonTypeByPositionInOrg</a>. PersonTypeByOccupation Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString writer The kind of people that have written a composition, for example students, professional writers. Authors are NOT necessary professionals (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writer</a>) as they don't necessarily do it for pay, or do it as a central job related activity. Author writer The kind of people that have written a composition, for example students, professional writers. Authors are NOT necessary professionals (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writer</a>) as they don't necessarily do it for pay, or do it as a central job related activity. Author PersonWithOccupation The collection of persons who have a (skilled or unskilled) occupation. Most (but not all) instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> spend a significant part of their waking hours doing activities that are characteristic of their occupations. Typically their actions are performed for pay (but not always: consider a &quot;starving artist&quot; who is unable to sell any of her works). Note that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> need not be working over the entire duration of when s/he has an occupation; e.g. college professors on summer break and the temporarily unemployed still have occupations. Most reified specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a> classify workers according to their job titles, the kinds of work they perform, or the skills involved; while a few exploit other (usually quite broad) features of their working lives (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkALJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SelfEmployedWorker</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DeskWorker</a>). But note that many collections corresponding to what are colloquially considered professions or occupations (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkBGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lifeguard</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$StockBroker</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Housekeeper</a>, and many others) are _not_ specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonWithOccupation</a>, as those collections include people for whom the work in question is not their occupation. worker quotedIsa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDeDIGEW0EdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raOoTci9qEdma4AACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is &quot;implicitly quoted&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHb_bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <b>THING</b> <b>EXPR-TYPE</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> mean that <code><b>THING</b></code> itself is an instance of <code><b>EXPR-TYPE</b></code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular <i>CycL expression</i> appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code><b>EXPR-TYPE</b></code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). <p/> This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is <i>not</i> a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an <i>explicitly</i> quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. <p/> For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an <i>open</i> expression, see the accompanying <font color="#ff0000">#$cyclistNotes</font>. Quoted Isa writer The kind of people that have written a composition, for example students, professional writers. Authors are NOT necessary professionals (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writer</a>) as they don't necessarily do it for pay, or do it as a central job related activity. Author writer The kind of people that have written a composition, for example students, professional writers. Authors are NOT necessary professionals (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writer</a>) as they don't necessarily do it for pay, or do it as a central job related activity. Author LiterateAgent literate thing A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_0fzup0fQdiYa_OT4YKKXw" class="cyc_term">LiterateAgent</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> who is capable of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> in some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. LiteratePerson A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>. Each instance is a person who can read and write. literate person wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name WordNetWorkflowConstant-NotFullyReviewed word net workflow constant not fully reviewed The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvzSRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLConstant</a>s created from the import of concepts from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtfZxnO-3QdibF4NWtMhnaQ" class="cyc_term">WordNet_Version2_0</a> that have not yet been fully reviewed by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCyclist</a>.