]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. ComputerNetwork computer network network computer networks net nets networks

Computer network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network internal corporate network A computer network that is within a business. All the computers on the network are controlled by the business that owns the network. InternalBusinessNetwork StarNetwork <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> is the collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> that have a star topology. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a>, all computers attach to a central computer, called a hub. star network BackboneNetwork The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>s that connect instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> backbone AccountSystem account system <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> is a computational system which is such that users must log on to it to make use of it. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> can consist of one or many nodes (i.e. computers). Each node in an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> shares a given set of accounts with any other nodes in that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> (such that someone with an account can log in at any node). See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvw_3qpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nodeInAccountSystem</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5XDx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">accountForSystem</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9Or85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerAccount</a>. super peer network A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. In a super-peer network, a number of computers, "peers" communicate with a single computer, which communicates with a number of "super-peer" computers, each of which has its own set of peers that communicate with it. SuperPeerNetwork <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a> is the collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> that have a bus topology. Ethernet networks are generally bus networks. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, all computers attach to a central cable, called a bus or backbone. bus network BusNetwork EtherTalkNetwork EtherTalk A kind of network via which Macintosh computers may interconnect. local area network LocalAreaNetwork A kind of network in which computers nearby to one another interconnect. Where the interconnection makes use of internet technology such as TCP/IP and web servers, see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBURcnpqZEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">Intranet</a>. RingNetwork <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a> is the collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> that have a ring topology. In an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>, each computer attaches to two other computers, forming a ring of computers. ring network WideAreaNetwork WAN A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> in which computers separated by substantial distances interconnect. Because of the substantial distances involved, the connections will often involve telephone lines, underground cables or satellites. Contrast this collection with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjB-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalAreaNetwork</a> (LAN). Often, the computers in an LAN will all be in the same building whereas those in a wide area network (WAN) will always span more than one building. Enclave-Computer enclave-computer The collection of groups of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>s which are protected by a single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvTXEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallProgram</a>. NetworkVulnerability <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-7G8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkVulnerability</a> is an attribute of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. In many cases an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> has a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-7G8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkVulnerability</a> because it has a vulnerable computer in the network. network vulnerability <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ripfq-HS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">GullibleUsersPresent</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4re7g70nStEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetworkBySecurityEnvironment</a>. Systems that have this attribute are generally susceptible to being compromised by deceptive malefactors. GullibleUsersPresent gullible users present The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvril6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NIPRNet_PathSystem</a> is the Unclassified but Sensitive Internet Protocol Router Network that is the subset of connections on the internet that have been accredited by the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) as meeting certain security standards. Unified and Specified Commands, Services, and Defense Agencies are required to use the NIPRNet for all unclassified long haul data communications including connection to the global <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a> and are, therefore, required to apply for connection to the NIPRNet. NIPRNet-PathSystem NIPRNet An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. (The) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a> is a global computer network which enables those connected to perform a variety of information transfer and manipulation actions. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhx2A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternetServiceProvider</a>. Internet the Internet SIPRNet-PathSystem The Secret Internet Protocol Router Network that is the subset of connections on the internet that have been accredited by the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) as meeting certain security standards. SIPRNet CustomarySystemOfLinks-Comm The collection of all customary or conventional network systems consisting of interconnected links (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuh8yZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Customary</a>) and nodes intended primarily to be capable for use in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>s. communications system <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvfthCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetworkTypeByTopology</a> is a collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> whose instances are all of the same general topology. computer network type by topology ComputerNetworkTypeByTopology Facets-Generic facets-Generic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhOImJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> (q.v.). This is the most general of the "faceting" predicates. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> COL COLTYPE)</code> means that <code>COLTYPE</code> corresponds to one way of dividing <code>COL</code> into subcollections. The instances of <code>COLTYPE</code> are all "the same sort" of subcollection of <code>COL</code>. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rhz6DbnSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">MovieTypeByGenre</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv973YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a> according to movie-genre; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0pzgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFmUH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HorrorMovie</a>. And <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> according to the type of thing a given function returns as values; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualDenotingFunction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionDenotingFunction</a>. Note that generic faceting does not entail that the instances of <code>COLTYPE</code> are mutually disjoint. Thus, a given film might be an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCRfN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChildrensMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VcW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionMovie</a>. Note also that generic faceting does not entail that every instance of <code>COL</code> falls under some instance of <code>COLTYPE</code>. Thus, consider the universal identity function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSspMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IdentityFn</a>. Its range of values is so broad that it does not fall under any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>, as well as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgQmwRl2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearCovering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CIljCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CJFjCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearPartition</a>. Whenever possible, one of these more specific predicates should be used. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. ComputerNetwork computer network A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. ComputerNetwork computer network computer network type by vulnerability A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBY4HuIpJQdeUjpvOD-UdkA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetworkTypeByVulnerability</a> is a collection of computer networks that have a certain vulnerability. ComputerNetworkTypeByVulnerability <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmCrpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifactSystem</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvY5LhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact_NonAgentive</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkF6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwO5aw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CustomarySystemOfLinks</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmCrpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifactSystem</a> is an artificial system consisting of several instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifact</a> (q.v.). Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmCrpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathArtifactSystem</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWYrXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RoadSystem</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj9aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SewerSystem</a> constructed route system PathArtifactSystem SpatiallyDisjointObjectType type of object whose instances do not physically overlap A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). SystemOfDevices This collection involves instances which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a>s of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjHL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalDevice</a>s which interact and are connected in some sort of network. Positive examples include a computer system, a telephone system, a plumbing system. Negative examples include instances of simple tools, such as a screwdriver or a hammer, which have discrete connected parts, but whose parts do not interact in any complicated way. Another negative example is a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjTBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Telephone</a>. In a context of naive familiarity with the device, the telephone is not a system because its parts do not form an obvious network. system of devices facets - strict facets-Strict A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CIljCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a> (q.v.). (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a> COL COLTYPE) means that COLTYPE corresponds to one way of dividing COL up into disjoint subcollections. Specifically, the instances of COLTYPE are all the same sort of subcollection of COL and are, moreover, all disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) each other. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGwcsMFkIQdiMCLmJUEZ9IQ" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed</a> strictly facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>, because the breeds of dog constitute mutually disjoint subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>. Other possible ways of strictly faceting <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> are by sex, by size, and by whether or not they are domesticated. Note that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a> COL COLTYPE) does _not_ imply (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covering</a> COL COLTYPE), since the instances of COLTYPE might not cover all of COL. For example, some dogs belong to no breed. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString DurableGood A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjElJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidTangibleThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjPV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurableGood</a> is a solid thing that an agent can, and under normal conditions will, use (for some purpose or other) for a number of years. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjPV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurableGood</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvk3sS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Clothing_Generic</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ship</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyNjbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Roadway</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Building</a>. consumer durable A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXPttZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConnectedPathSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Each instance of this collection is a network used to link computational systems together to allow them to transfer information between each other. This is typically done using "packets" of information (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) exchanged according to certain well-defined protocols (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvzDExpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkProtocol</a>). A particularly large and notable instance of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVnZe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Internet</a>. Networks may be structured according to certain specific topologies, the most notable of which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-AifZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusNetwork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZO4s5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StarNetwork</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDdgN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RingNetwork</a>. ComputerNetwork computer network The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name computational system A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoweredDevice</a>. Each instance of this collection is a system used for computing purposes. It includes as specializations both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. Anything that can be said about both collections can more efficiently be stated about this collection. For example, instead of saying that system administrators maintain instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>, one can simply say that system administrators maintain instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. ComputationalSystem