]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. surgery Surgery A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of a living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a> include: removal of some object - such as a cancer or an organ that's causing trouble - from the body; insertion of a medical device (e.g, a pacemaker) into the body; repair of some internal structure. surgeries Surgery http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-operation-noun-5 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-operate_on-verb-1 GastrointestinalOperation gastrointestinal surgery GumSurgery Surgery on a patient's gums. gum surgery prostatectomy The collection of all prostatectomies. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjGApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RemovalSurgery</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQm-ddtyZQdaCr9YfmQvIIA" class="cyc_term">Prostatectomy</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. Prostatectomy opportunistic surgical procedure OpportunisticProcedure-Surgical eye surgery Surgery on a patient's eyes. EyeSurgery A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rw6j3oNfXEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Operation</a> is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of a living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a>). Generally, an operation will have one or more poper sub-events that is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> (or, specifically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rfNaf5KWHEduAAAACs2IKfQ" class="cyc_term">SurgicalProcedure</a> (q.v.)). Operation operation A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkIdfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vasectomy</a>, someone removes the vas deferens. Vasectomy vasectomy cosmetic surgery Surgery which is done primarily for appearance's sake, rather than functional. CosmeticSurgery answer set from MISD 605901 surgeries AnswerSetFromMISD-605901-Surgeries heart liver transplant HeartLiverTransplant CombinedValveProcedure-Operation combined valve procedure CPB CardioPulmonaryBypassOperation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rw6j3oNfXEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Operation</a>. Each instance is a surgery during which CPB is used. These are also known as &quot;off-pump&quot; surgery. sterilizing SterilizingSomeone A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rw4Ye5LKNEdmAhAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">SterilizingSomeone</a>, someone makes someone else infertile. NoseJob nose job <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nose</a>; the bone structure of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nose</a> is reshaped. Typically, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvlo2R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NoseJob</a> is an elective procedure and would be considered <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1WTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CosmeticSurgery</a>. However, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvlo2R5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NoseJob</a>s may also be performed to reconstruct features damaged by disease or accident. castration (RemovalFn Testicle) The collection of all castrations. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjGApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RemovalSurgery</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a>. A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rw4ZtAbKNEdmAhAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">TrephiningSomeone</a>, someone operates someone on with a trephine. TrephiningSomeone trephining InpatientSurgery The collection of all inpatient surgery. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP31e5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InpatientMedicalProcedure</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWKnf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InpatientSurgery</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. inpatient surgery reconstructive breast surgery <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> done after a mastectomy. ReconstructiveBreastSurgery Surgery on a patient's knees. KneeSurgery knee surgery surgical treatment SurgicalTreatment This is the collection of surgeries which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a>s, that is, it includes surgery designed to treat a medical condition, but excludes both diagnostic and cosmetic surgery. surgical removal RemovalSurgery Surgery in which something is removed from the body. The removed thing may be part of the body (like the appendix), or something more-or-less foreign, like a tumor or gallstones, etc. outpatient surgery The collection of all outpatient surgery. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwY6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutpatientMedicalCareEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVvrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutpatientSurgery</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. OutpatientSurgery RoboticSurgery robotic surgery HeartLungTransplant-Operation heart lung transplant operation IntelligentAgentActivity intelligent agent activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> (q.v.). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGGsQIeqUEdqTjAACs6hPlA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgentActivity</a> is an action, each of whose &quot;doers&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQ9dkLFWAQdeQE7cXOq70Qg" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>s) is either an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> or a group of such agents (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are intelligent agents). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOf2ypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionOnObject</a> (q.v.). Typically, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rbFH62AijSke60ULlwRqijQ" class="cyc_term">IrreflexiveAction</a> is an action wherein the doer (i.e the filler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> role) is different than the object acted on (i.e. the filler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> role). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> are representative specializations of this collection. Contrast this collection with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rUqeaKmrUTnmfCVKxKhwneQ" class="cyc_term">ReflexiveAction</a>. IrreflexiveAction irreflexive action skilled activity This is the collection of collections of activities which require some specialized skill to perform--i.e., to play any role which is a specPred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>. So, all skilled activities are learned, but not all learned activities are skilled. For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvm8XOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LearnedActivityType</a> but not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. Since every normal person learns to walk, it requires no special skill. In contrast, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYn_nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juggling</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>, for most people do not know how to juggle. SkilledActivityType Surgery surgery A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of a living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a> include: removal of some object - such as a cancer or an organ that's causing trouble - from the body; insertion of a medical device (e.g, a pacemaker) into the body; repair of some internal structure. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI Surgery surgery A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of a living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a> include: removal of some object - such as a cancer or an organ that's causing trouble - from the body; insertion of a medical device (e.g, a pacemaker) into the body; repair of some internal structure. MedicalCareEvents-GeneralMedicine-Topic medical care events general medicine topic Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A collection of events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a> is an event in which a medical care professional provides a medical service to some human or animal patient(s). Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1TiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTesting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HospitalCareEvent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a>. MedicalCareEvent medical care Surgery surgery A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> is a medical care event in which a medical professional cuts a part of a living body, either to examine what's inside (a diagnostic, exploratory surgery) or to treat an ailment (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTreatmentEvent</a> include: removal of some object - such as a cancer or an organ that's causing trouble - from the body; insertion of a medical device (e.g, a pacemaker) into the body; repair of some internal structure. TemporalObjectType temporal object type A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally object-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally object-like just in case it generally holds that any proper purely temporal parts (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is not itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>. More precisely, a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> just in case it satisfies the following: For any distinct <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <i>not</i> <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> For example, none of the proper time-slices of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is itself a calendar year. Likewise for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a>. Conversely, a proper time-slice of a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> might itself be a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (e.g. an hour has minutes and seconds as time-slices); so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> is <i>not</i> a temporal-object-type. <p/> See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally stuff-like. restructuring RestructuringSomething A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWESd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrinsicStateChangeEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r1q0nUhtpEduAAADggVaqvw" class="cyc_term">RestructuringSomething</a> is an event in which an agent deliberately modifies the structure of something, such as the financial structure of a corporation or the plot structure of a novel. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name