]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a>, some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> gathers information about something. InformationGathering gathering information

Intelligence (information gathering)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_%28information_gathering%29 Observing A collection of information-gathering events in which an agent or group of agents acquire information by observing some thing or event. The observation may be mediated by equipment, such a binoculars, video cameras, body wires, an intercom, and other aids to real-time observation, and direct sensory perception on the part of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PerceptualAgent_Embodied</a> is not required, although in cases of group observation, we require that there be at least one member of the group playing the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVqYY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">recipientOfInfo</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAsXo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Observing</a>. Positive examples: a military unit's following air traffic by means of radar or a submarine crew's tracking the progress of another submarine by means of sonar. observing A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a>. In every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3CXapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Survey</a>, an agent questions a number of individuals in order to gain information about the group to which they belong. The question(s) in the survey may be asked in individual interviews, or may be mass-disseminated (e.g. by television or magazines) so that members of the public can choose whether to respond. survey Survey surveillance Surveillance-InformationGatheringActivity The collection of all information-gathering activities in which the activities of an agent or the activities in and around a place are monitored with some regularity. This is a subtly different activity from reconnaissance, which primarily involves travelling to an area in order to gather information about its usefulness as a strategic resource, or travelling to an enemy site to determine information about the enemy that would prove strategic. An example of surveillance that is not reconnaissance: a private eye covertly observing someone through a window. An example of reconnaissance that is not surveillance: that same private eye, earlier in the day, looking around the person's back yard for a tree to climb, from which to get a good view of the window. The collection of all events in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtmlclAouQdiSXfNpJyQzBQ" class="cyc_term">CycBrowserFactEntryToolModule</a> is used. using the fact entry tool UsingTheFactEntryTool This is the collection of activities in which some region is explored. This is not restricted to regions of Earth. It is also not restricted to the surface of the earth: one can explore below the earth's surface for resources, and one can explore the depths of the ocean or the surface of Mars. Not every instance of exploration involves a human moving to the location being explored, but every instance does involve some sensing device (human sensory apparatus or artificial device) gathering information about the region explored. Exploration exploration TouringABuilding building tour The specialization of #$SightSeeing which consists of comprehensive tours of buildings, usually, but not always, conducted in the presence of a guide. Instances are to be distinguished by the fact that they are systematic, endeavoring to cover all of the historically salient features of the construction toured. Instances may be performed by individual tourists or by groups of the same. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvxNeOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BuildingTourFn</a> (UsingAForFn UIInputComponent InformationGathering programUsed) use of user interface input component as "Program Used" in gathering information IntelligenceGathering A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> events, in which the gathering is done in secret. Most commonly known as 'spying', though the intelligence gathering need not be visual. intelligence collection ReconnaissanceInForce-MilitaryOperation reconnaissance in force ReconnaissanceInForce is a focused collection effort in a geographic area with a force large enough to engage the enemy if detected. It is performed before, during, and after other operations to provide information used by the commander to confirm or modify his course of action. FM100-40, p15-1. The collection of all events in which some agent uses a running instantiation of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIjnxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycProgramModule_CW</a> to display some of the content that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycKB</a> contains for a particular entity and that display takes the form of a 'fact sheet.' DisplayingFactSheetForConcept displaying fact sheet for concept intel attack A subset of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBdWmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttemptingFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQXxkJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StealingInformation</a>), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvol1ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelAttack</a> is the collection of attacks perpetrated with the ambition of retrieving mission-critical enemy data. In this sort of attack, perpetrators first determine what information to target, then determine the location of theinformation, and, finally, obtain the information from the enemy. The information targeted can be protected by any <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRUwB3n8AEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">levelOfSecurity</a>. Because instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvol1ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelAttack</a> are not all done in secret, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvol1ipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelAttack</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPx5tZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligenceGathering</a> (q.v.). IntelAttack Interviewing The collection of events in which one or more agents interviews one or more other agents for the purpose of gathering information (usually about the interviewees, or about something in which they have a vested interest). interview Collection of all instances of human inquiry where what is being sought is a deeper understanding of the nature of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. The subject of investigation could in principle be any one of a wide variety of entities: a philosophical problem, a criminal act, a natural phenomenon, etc.. The phenomenon under investigation may be actual or merely putative within the context of the representation. Also, the nature of the thing being investigated may be substantially different from what the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwI27qJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">investigatingAgent</a> believes it to be. investigation Investigation (UsingAForFn InternetProgram InformationGathering programUsed) use of internet programs as "Program Used" in gathering information A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrcOLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Verification</a> is an event in which some intelligent agent either confirms or disconfirms the truth of some proposition. Verification verification In a screening action, an agent (typically a military unit) provides early warning (to some other, friendly agent) about enemy actions it observes. ScreeningAFriendlyForce screening (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn InformationGathering infoTransferred (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn AspatialInformationStore containsInformationAbout WeatherEvent)) gathering information that is concerned with some information that contains information about some weather The collection of all instances of #$SightSeeing which consist of comprehensive tours of cities, usually, but not always, conducted by a guide. Instances are to be distinguished by the fact that they are systematic, endeavoring to cover most of the historically salient features of some nontrivial part of the area toured. Instances may be performed by individual tourists or by groups of the same. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMNQepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityTourFn</a> TouringACity city tour A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYoLMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LookingForAThingOrTypeOfThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ru2DveElmQdmCz-HOU-rgnQ" class="cyc_term">SearchingAnInformationStore</a> is an event in which an agent searches an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu__KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationStore</a>. Examples include searching an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Encyclopedia</a> for entries related to #$WorldWarII, or searching the web (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWQvpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WorldWideWeb_DynamicIndexedInfoSource</a>) for pictures of your favorite <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4C-JZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Celebrity</a>. A notable specialization is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj6aZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDataSearching</a>. SearchingAnInformationStore searching an information store A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViFUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rxLVAxihiQdmOX-nGILAzUQ" class="cyc_term">UsingNooescape</a> is an event in which a computer user logs into a running copy of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rVvbCWop3QdieSqB6MlufRg" class="cyc_term">Nooescape_TheProgram</a> and uses it in the ordinary way. Because Nooescape is an analytic environment designed to support typical activity types of intelligence analysts, the pattern of Nooescape use closely follows the pattern of analysis behaviors (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2wRN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligenceAnalysisProcess</a>). using nooescape UsingNooescape AnalyzingSomething analysis A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rqOsrBtcSQdaEQ5okwgIq3g" class="cyc_term">ConsciousActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>: the collection of all events that involve considering something (real or imaginary) in detail in order to understand features of it. Examples include analyzing a sonnet, evidence or a spreadsheet. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Evaluating</a>, which is less a matter of pure ratiocination (but may involve, for instance, affective responses), and which also differs in being essentially directed towards an existing thing. MedicalTesting medical test A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWOPwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalCareEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Evaluating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1TiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTesting</a> is a test performed by some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> on a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViT1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalPatient</a> (or, often, on a sample taken from the patient's body) in order to gather information about the patient's general state of health, in order to help in making a diagnosis, or in order to determine or monitor the severity of a known condition of the patient. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1TiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalTesting</a> include individual blood tests, as well as individual MRIs. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1UJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MedicalDiagnosis</a>. gathering information in outer space (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToFn InformationGathering eventOccursAt OuterSpace) intermediate focal term scene candidate for the Cyc Script Editor FocalTermSceneCandidate-Intermediate A collection of sub-collections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. The instances of this collection act as suggestions when using the script editor to add a sub-situation type to a type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a>. Facets-Generic facets-Generic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhOImJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> (q.v.). This is the most general of the "faceting" predicates. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> COL COLTYPE)</code> means that <code>COLTYPE</code> corresponds to one way of dividing <code>COL</code> into subcollections. The instances of <code>COLTYPE</code> are all "the same sort" of subcollection of <code>COL</code>. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rhz6DbnSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">MovieTypeByGenre</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv973YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a> according to movie-genre; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0pzgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFmUH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HorrorMovie</a>. And <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> according to the type of thing a given function returns as values; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualDenotingFunction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionDenotingFunction</a>. Note that generic faceting does not entail that the instances of <code>COLTYPE</code> are mutually disjoint. Thus, a given film might be an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCRfN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChildrensMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VcW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionMovie</a>. Note also that generic faceting does not entail that every instance of <code>COL</code> falls under some instance of <code>COLTYPE</code>. Thus, consider the universal identity function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSspMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IdentityFn</a>. Its range of values is so broad that it does not fall under any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>, as well as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgQmwRl2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearCovering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CIljCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CJFjCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearPartition</a>. Whenever possible, one of these more specific predicates should be used. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL type of temporally stuff-like thing TemporalStuffType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a>, some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> gathers information about something. InformationGathering gathering information A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a>, some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> gathers information about something. InformationGathering gathering information TypicalHumanActivityType-AtLeastOnce The collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> such that persons typically are involved in (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) at least one instance of the activity type in their lifetime. typical human activity type at least once The instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk3CvJoa6QdmSBdwwtwEL5g" class="cyc_term">InformationGatheringTypeByTopicType</a> are used to facet <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a>. All of the collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk3CvJoa6QdmSBdwwtwEL5g" class="cyc_term">InformationGatheringTypeByTopicType</a> are such that their instances all share a common value for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjyAIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">topicOfIndividual</a>. information gathering type by topic type InformationGatheringTypeByTopicType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> is an event in which information is transferred from a source (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV5PA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">informationOrigin</a>) to one or more destinations (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">informationDestination</a>), where the source and the various destinations are either intelligent agents or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>s (IBTs). Examples include reading a book (transfer of information from the book to the reader), saying something to someone (transfer of information from the speaker to the listener), machine translation (transfer of information from an encoded IBT in the source language to an encoded IBT in the target language), OCR scanning (transfer of information from a visual information source to another IBT in a different format), carving initials in a tree (transfer of information from an agent to an IBT), and making a speech (transfer of information from an agent to other agents). See also the specialization <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvucXhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferPhysicalEvent</a>. information transfer InformationTransferEvent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> is an action consciously, volitionally, and purposefully done by (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>) at least one actor. intentional action PurposefulAction wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a>, some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> gathers information about something. InformationGathering gathering information