]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Writing writing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationGeneratingAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> is an action in which some text is produced, either via writing by hand or writing with a machine, such as a typewriter or a computer. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> could be a single episode of writing, or a discontinuous series of episodes (as when one writes a letter over a few days). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, because in some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> there is not a successful transfer of information to another agent. will put have written puts had put writes will have written has put had written will write put putting written has written writings wrote write will have put have put Writing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-written_communication-noun-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-writing-noun-5 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-write-verb-2 WritingAFanLetter writing a fan letter WritingOutSomething issuing A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rb7DHNbG6EdmAhAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">WritingOutSomething</a>, someone makes something out and issues it. the writing stage of single e mail communication in which E mail message text copy acts as the Ibo Created (SubSitTypeWithTypeInRoleFn SingleEMailCommunication Writing EMailMessageTextCopy iboCreated) The act of pressing a bunch of buttons in a sequence like typing on a keyboard or a typewriter or cash register etc. Requires at least one hand. Typing typing taking written notes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviU_UpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingWrittenNotes</a> is the collection of all <font color="#ff0000">#$WritingANote</font> events in which a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjSCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Note_Document</a> is created whose content is based on a preexisting <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Examples include taking notes of a meeting, taking notes of a lecture, taking notes of a textbook. A negative example would be writing a note to remind oneself to go to the grocery store. TakingWrittenNotes hand-writing Writing is the formation of characters or symbols on a suitable surface for transmitting information. WritingByHand report writing WritingAReport A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a>, each instance of which is intended to produce an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtZXOxP2uQdeQ1vfl0scpxg" class="cyc_term">ReportOnSituation_CW</a>. FillingOutAForm filling out a form Filling in the blanks on a standard form, with information that pertains to the current situation. IntelligentAgentActivity intelligent agent activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> (q.v.). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGGsQIeqUEdqTjAACs6hPlA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgentActivity</a> is an action, each of whose &quot;doers&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQ9dkLFWAQdeQE7cXOq70Qg" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>s) is either an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> or a group of such agents (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are intelligent agents). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a>. skilled activity This is the collection of collections of activities which require some specialized skill to perform--i.e., to play any role which is a specPred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>. So, all skilled activities are learned, but not all learned activities are skilled. For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvm8XOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LearnedActivityType</a> but not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. Since every normal person learns to walk, it requires no special skill. In contrast, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYn_nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juggling</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>, for most people do not know how to juggle. SkilledActivityType Writing writing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationGeneratingAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> is an action in which some text is produced, either via writing by hand or writing with a machine, such as a typewriter or a computer. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> could be a single episode of writing, or a discontinuous series of episodes (as when one writes a letter over a few days). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, because in some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> there is not a successful transfer of information to another agent. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI InformationAndCWs-Topic information and CWs topic MakingWrittenMaterial The collection of events in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> containing written material is created. Includes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a>, and the reproduction of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a>. producing written material Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Writing writing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationGeneratingAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> is an action in which some text is produced, either via writing by hand or writing with a machine, such as a typewriter or a computer. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> could be a single episode of writing, or a discontinuous series of episodes (as when one writes a letter over a few days). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, because in some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> there is not a successful transfer of information to another agent. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> is a spatially-localized action each of whose &quot;doers&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>) is either a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> or a group of humans (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> or groups of humans). HumanActivity human activity Writing writing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationGeneratingAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> is an action in which some text is produced, either via writing by hand or writing with a machine, such as a typewriter or a computer. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> could be a single episode of writing, or a discontinuous series of episodes (as when one writes a letter over a few days). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>, because in some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a> there is not a successful transfer of information to another agent. CWInstantiating CW instantiating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r29TQ3IlUEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">CWInstantiating</a> is an event which instantiates some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> from some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqy9EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ibtGenerated</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r30SiOIlUEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">cWInstantiated</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYyDjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">instantiationOfWork</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2ZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualInformationGeneratingAct</a> is an action that generates visual information (i.e. information of a kind typically accessed via the sense of sight). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2I5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MakingAGesture</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DisplayingSomething</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Writing</a>. If a given visual-information-generating act also involves conveying the information to another agent (i.e. if it is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViexZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Communicating</a>), then it is also a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVik_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualCommunicating</a> (q.v.). Or a visual-information-generating act might be a proper sub-event of a visual-communicating act. VisualInformationGeneratingAct transmission of visual information wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name