]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. currency Currency A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TenderObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used as a means of transferring a quantity of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> (q.v.) between some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> are typically backed by and issued by national governments. money cash item of currency items of currency Currency http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-currency-noun-1 Bill-Currency A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a>. Each instance of this collection is an object, generally made of paper (sometimes plastic) used to transfer a quantity of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s. The piece of paper iteself is of little value, but the bill has the value it does because, due to governmental and societal agreement, it can be exchanged for objects or services. It is often engraved (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQr7OJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Engraving_Print</a>) with a watermark in order to forestall counterfeiting. paper currency (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet Currency UnclaimedProperty)) unclaimed fund all forms of tangible United States currency U.S. currency Currency-US Cash cash A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rcYfM1hVWQdiCDK9QZHqOFw" class="cyc_term">Cash</a> is either a coin (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViJ0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Coin_Currency</a>) or piece of paper money (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViJj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bill_Currency</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rcYfM1hVWQdiCDK9QZHqOFw" class="cyc_term">Cash</a> are typically issued and backed by national governments. LiquidAsset liquid asset A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi255wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingExisting</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidAsset</a> is either an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> or some asset that is readily convertible to currency by selling or borrowing against it. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidAsset</a>s include stocks, bonds, and money market accounts. MoneyAndPrice-PossTransfer-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. money and price poss transfer topic Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI Currency currency A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TenderObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used as a means of transferring a quantity of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> (q.v.) between some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> are typically backed by and issued by national governments. SpatiallyDisjointObjectType type of object whose instances do not physically overlap A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. <p/> For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). HardcopyInformationBearingObject physical information bearing object The &quot;collection-intersection&quot; (and thus a common specialization) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_W6CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdCO4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanAccessibleIBO</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> is an human-created <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> (IBO) in a &quot;hard&quot; format (e.g. written on paper, on wood, on palm leaves, engraved in metal, or carved on stone) that humans can obtain information from by viewing (if there is sufficient light) without using a computer or electronic device. In many cases the information is encoded in visual symbols, whose <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> must be understood by anyone who would access the information. For example, the information may be stored as English text. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a> include: a billboard, a greeting card, a restaurant check, a magazine, an engraving by Rembrandt, a Picasso painting, and a hardcopy of a map with no text on it. Note that this collection does _not_ include IBOs embodied in magnetic media such as tape or disk (as the information they bear is not directly accessible to someone viewing them) or Braille books (as they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_W6CJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StillImageSource</a>, whose information content must be accessed visually). Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString TenderObject legal tender An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LiquidAsset</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TenderObject</a> is an object widely accepted as a means of payment for goods and services, and can thus play the role of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViT0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectTendered</a> in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneyTransfer</a>. Important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TenderObject</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjO6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreditCard</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Check_TenderObject</a>. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjY5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneyTenderType</a> is a collection of objects of a type commonly offered in payment for goods, services, fees, wage-work, and so on. Notable instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjY5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneyTenderType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjO6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreditCard</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Check_TenderObject</a>. MoneyTenderType type of money tender Currency currency A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TenderObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used as a means of transferring a quantity of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> (q.v.) between some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> are typically backed by and issued by national governments. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type MoneyAndIncome-Financial-Topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. money and income financial topic quotedIsa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDeDIGEW0EdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raOoTci9qEdma4AACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is &quot;implicitly quoted&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHb_bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <b>THING</b> <b>EXPR-TYPE</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> mean that <code><b>THING</b></code> itself is an instance of <code><b>EXPR-TYPE</b></code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular <i>CycL expression</i> appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code><b>EXPR-TYPE</b></code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). <p/> This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is <i>not</i> a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an <i>explicitly</i> quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. <p/> For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an <i>open</i> expression, see the accompanying <font color="#ff0000">#$cyclistNotes</font>. Quoted Isa TextualMaterialTypeByFunction type of textual material classified by function An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> and hence a collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rn3yL9FlGEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterialTypeByFunction</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> whose instances perform a particular and distinct type of function -- for instance <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1kFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LeaseDocument</a> (instances of which are used to establish legally binding terms of lease) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1a95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExpenseReport</a> (used by employees to request reimbursement for expense). the union of { currency, groups of currency } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Currency (MobFn Currency))) PotentiallyPornRelated potentially related to porn thing A FORT's having the attribute <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3CdT8HS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">PotentiallyPornRelated</a> indicates that any query string that parses to it, whether vulgar or not, is such that we think it might be after pornographic material. For technical reasons, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3CdT8HS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">PotentiallyPornRelated</a> will apply to any FORT that is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rF_RUpnS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">PresumedPornRelated</a>, so the former means that the FORT is at least potentially porn-related rather than only potentially porn-related. For queries that parse to FORTs with the former but not the latter attribute (FORTs which are only potentially porn-related) we should not immediately offer any /Adult OD nodes but should instead offer a generic euphemistic concept followup through which any pornographic nodes and followups can be offered. PortableObject A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanScaleObject</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a> is a tangible object that is not &quot;fastened down&quot; and is light enough for an average human (or, more to the point, for its average intended user) to move easily. <p/> For many instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a>, portability is important for the fulfillment of their primary functions; for example, an article of clothing (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SomethingToWear</a>), a hand-guided tool (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVig-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HandTool</a>), a coin or dollar bill (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a>), or a flashlight (an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjc1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flashlight</a>) would be pretty useless if they weren't portable. In other cases, making a device portable, or making a portable version of a device, simply provides a convenience, as with the subcollections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPvPDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableTelevision</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjYqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableStereoSystem</a>. <p/> Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPznZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tool</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a>, since many tools are heavy and/or stationary. A borderline example of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a> would be a heart/lung machine; although the beneficiary of its primary function is in no position to move it around, the physicians and nurses who also are &quot;using&quot; it can and do exactly that. The same goes for a playpen; the kids in it had better <i>not</i> be able to move it around, but the adults who set it up and put them there can and do move it. A borderline non-example would be a car; even though its user can make it move around, that is more a controlling action than a transporting action -- i.e., the car is doing the transporting in that case, not the driver. A borderline example is a cat; even though it moves under its own power, it is light enough for its owner to pick it up and move it around. A borderline example is a bed or a dresser; though too heavy to lift, its owners can generally move it around (by sliding, disassembling and reassembling, and so on). portable object wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (IBT). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> is an IBT a significant part of whose informational content is both (i) encoded in some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0P5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationConvention</a> (q.v.), usually a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>, and (ii) represented or displayed in a spatial format. Examples include a copy of a newspaper printed in English using the Roman alphabet, a copy of a book printed in English using Braille, and a poster written in Chinese characters. Condition (i) excludes things like hardcopies of drawings, while condition (ii) excludes things like magnetic tapes containing recorded speech. A piece of textual material always involves one or more spatially-localized representations -- usually physical inscriptions (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7vmsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterStringToken_Inscribed</a>) -- of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWEA25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CharacterString</a>s (q.v.). Textual materials are usually tangible objects (such as the examples given above), but are sometimes intangibles like patterns of light projecting words onto walls or screens. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViXG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OfficialDocument</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonPublishedText</a>. Note that, while there is considerable overlap between <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkEx5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TextualMaterial</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HardcopyInformationBearingObject</a>, these collections differ in that the latter both includes IBTs that involve no character-string representations and excludes intangibles of any sort. document TextualMaterial Currency currency A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TenderObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> is a physical object generally accepted as legal tender, and used as a means of transferring a quantity of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> (q.v.) between some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> may be coins, items of precious metal, paper bills for which precious objects are payable by a government to the bearer on demand, or unbacked paper bills required by a government to be accepted for payment of debts. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Currency</a> are typically backed by and issued by national governments.