]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductType</a>, and a specialization of #$BakedFood. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a> is a baked food made of a dough or batter containing some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlourOrMeal</a>, and usually water or milk. The dough from which the bread is made will often (but not always) contain some leavening agent, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Yeast</a>. Bread bread

Bread

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-bread-noun-1 pizza crust An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodIngredientOnly</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rL5X6EBlzQdmf4tD-0xzLlQ" class="cyc_term">PizzaCrust</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIJvz5HS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FlatObject</a> (and typically round) piece of bread that is, or is intended to be, part of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVibapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pizza</a>. PizzaCrust bread Bread-Wheat wheat bread slice of bread Bread-Slice A slice of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a>. English muffin A type of flat muffin baked on a griddle, and reputedly eaten by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7HpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EnglishPerson</a>s. EnglishMuffin CommunionWafer communion wafer The wafer of unleavened bread eaten by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQB295wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChristianPerson</a> as part of a ceremony to commemorate/honor the #$CrucifixionOfJesus and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0WKUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResurrectionOfJesus</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFAJYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CatholicPerson</a> take this ceremony very seriously indeed, and actually believe an alchemical-like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHpgIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Transubstantiation</a> process to occur, while instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2dkzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtestantPerson</a> view the consumption of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvc3LNZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunionWafer</a> as a symbolic event only. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCMTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bagel</a> is a ring-shaped roll with a chewy texture, made from plain yeast dough that is dropped briefly into nearly boiling water and then baked. Bagel bagel (StuffFn Biscuit) biscuit Any of the foods made with flour and leavened with non-living agents (e.g., baking soda) rather than yeast culture. Includes soda bread, muffins, pancakes, biscuits. ShortBread-Generic shortbread The collection of all sourdough bread. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXqKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SourdoughBread</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a>. SourdoughBread sourdough bread crouton The collection of all croutons, which are small hard pieces of bread used in salads. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rdXAx1nTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SaltyTaste</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTThl5K8DEdaAAAACs6Mwww" class="cyc_term">Crouton</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. Crouton Toast toast toast bread crumb The collection of all crumbs of bread. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTGOTgq8DEdaAAAACs6Mwww" class="cyc_term">BreadCrumb</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. BreadCrumb bun Bun A bread bun of some type. unleavened bread UnleavenedBread Bread which is made without a leavening agent; that is, no yeast, no baking soda, no sourdough. Sometimes called flat bread. Includes pita bread and tortillas. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductType</a>, and a specialization of #$BakedFood. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a> is a baked food made of a dough or batter containing some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlourOrMeal</a>, and usually water or milk. The dough from which the bread is made will often (but not always) contain some leavening agent, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Yeast</a>. Bread bread ObjectType type of object The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductType</a>, and a specialization of #$BakedFood. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a> is a baked food made of a dough or batter containing some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlourOrMeal</a>, and usually water or milk. The dough from which the bread is made will often (but not always) contain some leavening agent, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Yeast</a>. Bread bread The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> that are absorbent and soft, not firm or solid. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP0px6HTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Spongy</a> objects show some ability to return to their own shape, more than objects that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r26x_5nS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Bendable</a> but not as much objects that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r44EFCHS5EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Elastic</a>. spongy thing Spongy finger food FingerFood This is the collection of foods normally eaten using the fingers rather than utensils, that is, one's fingers directly touch the food and this is not considered rude in the cultural context of the eating. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductType</a>, and a specialization of #$BakedFood. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bread</a> is a baked food made of a dough or batter containing some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FlourOrMeal</a>, and usually water or milk. The dough from which the bread is made will often (but not always) contain some leavening agent, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Yeast</a>. Bread bread baked food A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQoMFtHTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Cooked</a>. Food that is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rA3QnUHS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Baked</a> has been prepared in an event of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViu0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BakingFood</a>, using a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegularOven</a>. Baked ExistingStuffType type of temporally and spatially stuff-like thing A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> STUFFTYPE <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>)</code> implies both (i) for most instances <code>STUFF</code> of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>, for any proper physical part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>) <code>PART</code> of <code>STUFF</code>, <code>PART</code> is also an instance of <code>STUFFTYPE</code> and (ii) for all instances <code>STUFF</code> of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>, for most proper physical parts <code>PART</code> of <code>STUFF</code>, <code>PART</code> is also an instance of <code>STUFFTYPE</code>. For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVimxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wood</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> include the collections #$AppleJuice, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IceCream</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgC2UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCaCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaxedPaper</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StriatedMuscle</a>. See the comment for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. cereal CerealFood A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkI75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleStuff</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoodGroup</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CerealFood</a> is food that consists of a significant amount of grain products, such as breads and cereals. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CerealFood</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VegetableMatter</a> because some breads contain non-plant constituents such as salt. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> (q.v.), and thus a collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a> is a collection of beverages or foodstuffs (a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkI75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdibleStuff</a>) that is by default disjoint with every other instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi9A5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7Wnl6HM-EdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SubmarineSandwich</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCgLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Rice_Foodstuff</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYhVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sauerkraut</a>. DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType type of food