]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. bacterium Bacterium The collection of bacteria; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleCellOrganism</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> is also an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkDMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heterotroph</a>. Bacteria are typically incapable of processes of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvofLqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photosynthesis_Bacterial</a>. The class <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, also called the Schizomycophyta, is one of the divisions of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. Many bacteria cause diseases that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQww85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialInfection</a> in both plants and animals, but some are beneficial or even necessary for life. Compare with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViFLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BlueGreenAlgae</a>. bacteria Bacteria http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-bacterial-adjective-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-bacteria-noun-1 Bacterium-MotileByGliding gliding bacterium SalmonellaArizonae-Species A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. It causes bacteremia with focal lesions. Following oral infection, there is an early invasion of the bloodstream, but intestinal manifestations are often absent. Salmonella arizonae A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. In some species, the shape of cells typically varies from one to another. PleomorphBacterium pleomorph bacterium OrientiaTsutsugamushi-Species Rickettsia tsutsugamushi The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s that causes the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQww85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialInfection</a> <font color="#ff0000">#$ScrubTyphus-Infection</font>. These are smaller than the <font color="#ff0000">#$Rickettsia-Genus</font>. These organisms are found in the Orient. bacterial spore The collection of bacterial spores. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a> is the product of sporulation - when in a hostile environment, some bacteria, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvropZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SporeFormingBacterium</a>, become dormant in order to survive. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a>s are well resistant to heat, chemicals and radiation. In certain conditions, they may last for years. Spores can germinate into a single new vegetative cell, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTsoMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialSporeGermination</a>, when environment is favorable. Do not confuse bacterial spores with spores of certain plants or fungi, for these later see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjuIZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_PlantLifeStage</a>. Spore-DormantBacterium A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. Each instance is a portion of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> Brucella, which is responsible for the disease <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRlw2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brucellosis</a>. BrucellaBacterium Brucella BacteriumInCulture cultured bacterium The collection of those instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that are grown in a culture. Most species reqiure certain mediums and other conditions to obtain optimum growth. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvp73BJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Culture_Bacterial</a>. A collection of <font color="#ff0000">#$BActerium</font> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> that causes <font color="#ff0000">#$Yaws-Infection</font>. TreponemaPertenue-Species Treponema pertenue The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that metabolize oxygen. aerobic bacterium AerobicBacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that grow optimumally at temperatures between (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeCelsius</a> 15 45). These <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s have a wide range of habitats and include the pathogens for humans and other animals. mesophilic bacterium MesophilicBacterium AnaerobicBacterium-Facultative A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that are typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHwrKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AerobicBacterium</a>, but can still grow under anaerobic conditions, if necessary. facultative anaerobic bacterium catalase positive bacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvX4VfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CatalasePositiveBacterium</a> are those that test positive in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpD77ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CatalaseProductionTest</a>. Most <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHwrKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AerobicBacterium</a> produce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLH5NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Catalase</a> to de-toxify the hydrogen peroxide produced during aerobic metabolism. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMcii5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CatalaseNegativeBacterium</a>. CatalasePositiveBacterium immotile bacterium Bacterium-Immotile The collection of bacteria which are incapable of locomotion. PsychrophilicBacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that optimally grow at or below (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeCelsius</a> 15). Bacteria of this type do not grow at temperatures above (DegreeCelsius 20) or below (DegreeCelsius 0). These <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s generally occur in the polar seas. psychrophilic bacterium catalase negative bacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that do not produce <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLH5NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Catalase</a>. These cells are typically <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvztFhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnaerobicBacterium</a> that do not produce hydrogen peroxide during metabolism. Catalase is the enzyme that would decompose the hydrogen peroxide. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvX4VfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CatalasePositiveBacterium</a>. CatalaseNegativeBacterium ThermoduricBacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that may survive, but not necessarily grow, at higher temperatures that would kill other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. These <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s will survive <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgDMXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pasteurization</a>. thermoduric bacterium The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that are not decolorized after the process known as 'Gram Staining'. In this process the bacterial cells are rinsed with ethyl alcohol after being stained with a crystal violet dye. That the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOcGCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramPositiveBacterium</a> retain the stain indicates that the cells lack an outer membrane. Another feature that distinguishes them from the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPY7jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramNegativeBacterium</a> is that their cell walls have molecules on them known as teichoic acids which regulate the growth of the cell wall. Antibiotics to work against the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOcGCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramPositiveBacterium</a> are engineered to interfere with these molecules. gram-positive bacterium GramPositiveBacterium bacterium that can move by means of axial filament Bacterium-MotileByAxialFilament A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CarbonDioxide</a> as their main or only source of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Carbon</a>. This collection contains <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdLBo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chemolithotroph</a>s and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwC4WBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photolithotroph</a>s. autotrophic bacterium Autotroph-Bacterium Pseudomonadales-Order Pseudomonadales Order A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> that includes the <font color="#ff0000">#$Psuedomonadaceae-Family</font> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFC-WJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nitrobacteraceae_Family</a>. LegionellaPneumophila Legionella pneumophila The bacterium that causes Legionnaire's Disease (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJW4p5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegionnairesDisease</a>) also known as legionellosis. PseudomonasPseudomallei Pseudomonas pseudomallei The bacterium that causes Melioidosis (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvX9b9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Melioidosis_Infection</a>). Bacterium-MotileByFlagellum bacterium that can move by means of flagellum vegetative cell VegetativeCell Bacteria which are not in the state of being <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a>s are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSAy8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VegetativeCell</a>s. This is the usual life of the cell when it is metabolizing. Listeria monocytogenes A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. Each instance is rod-shaped, aerobic, parasitic, and pathogenic for humans and non-human animals, causing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQSeJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Listeriosis</a>. ListeriaMonocytogenes An order of gram positive bacterium, used in the fermenation of wine, yogurt, and other products. Lactobacillales-Order Lactobacillales Treponema carateum TreponemaCarateum-Species A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. They are responsible for <font color="#ff0000">#$Pinta-Infection</font>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQww85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialInfection</a> transmitted by nonsexual means. They are found in Central and South America. A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that have 2 flagella which are on opposite sides of the cell. Amphitrichous amphitrichous Clostridium perfringens A <font color="#ff0000">#$BiologicalAgent</font>, which can cause gangrene ClostridiumPerfringens Spirillales Spirillales-Order A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> classified in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyE4oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spirillales_Order</a>. It includes the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviiGH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Vibrionaceae_Family</a>. Agrobacterium agrobacterium This is the collection of bacteria which are used as vectors to introduce genetic material into plants. Gracilicutes-Division A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>; the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwC39FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gracilicutes_Division</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s with a thin cell wall. These cells are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPY7jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramNegativeBacterium</a>, with a few exceptions. Cell shape may be spheres, oval, straight or curved rods, helices or filaments. The majority reproduce by binary fission but some members reproduce by budding. This group does not from endospores. Motility varies as does respiration. Gracilicutes ThermophilicBacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> with an optimum growth temperature of greater than (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeCelsius</a> 45). These <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s occur in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Habitat</a>s such as composts, hot springs and hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. thermophilic bacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> under the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQqV3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Borrelia_Genus</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. These <font color="#ff0000">#$ProcaryoticCells</font> cause Lyme Disease and are transmitted by the bite of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjfLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tick</a>. These are microaerophilic BorreliaBurgdorferi-Species Borrelia burgdorferi A collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that process chemicals from the environment into energy for the cell's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjuSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalMetabolismEvent</a>. chemotroph Chemotroph swarming bacterium Bacterium-MotileBySwarming A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> which form concentric rings of growth in suitable mediums. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYScMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proteus_Genus</a> begin a colony, then after a few hours, cells at the edge of the colony develope additional flagella and swim out a few millimeters from the original colony. These cells then divide and form a concentric ring around the first colony. Later other groups of swarm cells will create additional rings of growth. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> whose instances are characterized by having cylindrical or rod-like shape. BacillusBacterium bacillus bacterium AnaerobicBacterium anaerobic bacterium The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> which do not metabolize oxygen. Bacterium-MotileByTaxis bacterium that can move by taxis Fusobacteria-Phylum The <i>Fusobacteria</i> phylum in the bacteria kingdom. Fusobacteria A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that have many flagella uniformly distributed around the cell. peritrichous Peritrichous VegetativeCellState A collection of bacteria in their normal growing form that exhibit all of life's characteristics, such as metabolism and reproduction. The only time the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> would not have the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rm9B5AnS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">VegetativeCellState</a> is when the cell has become an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rfr1dDnTAEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">EndosporeState</a> or has been killed. vegetative thing Yersinia enterocolitica A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> forming a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> found in the intestinal tract of many animals. They may be transmittable to humans and produce a wide variety of clinical symptoms. YersiniaEnterocolitica-Species BetaHemolyticBacterium beta-hemolytic bacterium An instance <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQhmyzAPGEdyAAADggVbxzQ" class="cyc_term">BacteriumTypeByHemolysisDisplayTendency</a>. When colonies of instances of this class of bacteria are grown on blood agar plates, they break the red blood cells down completely, causing the red agar to become clear. A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> under <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYScMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proteus_Genus</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. . ProteusVulgaris-Species Proteus vulgaris genetically altered bacterium The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that have been genetically altered. GeneticallyEngineeredBacterium coccus A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> whose instances are characterized by having spherical shape. CoccusBacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> responsible for the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQww85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialInfection</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1IGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TyphoidFever</a>. SalmonellaTyphi-Species Salmonella typhi The class of bacteria that are responsible for the venereal disease Chlamydia. ChlamydiaTrachomatisBacterium chlamydia Bacteroidetes-Phylum The Bacteriodetes phylum in the bacteria kingdom. Bacteroidetes non-spore-forming bacterium A collection, a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. The collection of bacteria that are not capable of forming spores. NonSporeFormingBacterium Streptococcus streptococcus A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> forming a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVian5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalGenus</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. These are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtanxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium_Immotile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhplH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoccusBacterium</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClYuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonSporeFormingBacterium</a> and metabolize fermentatively. They are also catalase negative and not acid-fast. This genus includes several species pathogenic for humans. A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpNMppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tenericutes_Division</a> are <font color="#ff0000">#$ProcaryoticCells</font> that are pliable and lack a cell wall. They are instead bound by a plasma membrane. Tenericutes-Division Tenericutes Firmicutes-Division Firmicutes A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> within the $<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWWSu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Firmicutes_Division</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s with a thick and strong cell wall, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViFsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Streptococcus</a>. These cells are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOcGCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramPositiveBacterium</a>, with a few exceptions. BacterialBioAgent bacterial agent spirilla bacterium A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> whose instances are characterized by having spiral or corkscrew shape. SpirillaBacterium A collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that use energy converted from sunlight for the cell's <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjuSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalMetabolismEvent</a>. phototroph Phototroph spore-forming bacterium SporeFormingBacterium The collection of bacteria [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>] that are capable of forming spores. When a group of these bacteria is placed in an hostile environment, some of them may form a single internal spore, an endospore [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a>], which is liberated when the mother cell undergoes autolysis. bacterial gene (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromTypeFn Bacterium physicalParts Gene-HereditaryUnit) ProteusMirabilis-Species A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> under <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYScMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Proteus_Genus</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. These <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s cause <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1LcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UrinaryTractInfection</a>s and produce bacteremia, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rLVgMvq2TEduAAAAOpmP6tw" class="cyc_term">Pneumonia</a>, and focal lesions in debilitated patients. Proteus mirabilis Chlamydia psittaci The bacterium that causes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqoRpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Psittacosis</a>. ChlamydiaPsittaci PsychotrophicBacterium psychotrophic bacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that have the ability to grow at exceedingly low temperatures, between (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeCelsius</a> 0 5). The optimum growth temperature for bacteria of this type is about (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeCelsius</a> 15) with an upper growth limit of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrkwpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntervalMaxFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeCelsius</a> 20)). endospore state This collection represents the property of a bacterium being a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9hG85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spore_DormantBacterium</a>. This occurs when it is experiencing a hostile environment that would otherwise kill it. The bacterium forms an endospore, which is a nongrowing heat-resistant structure within the cell. When the environment is no longer threatening, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> can revert back to its normal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSAy8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VegetativeCell</a> state. EndosporeState TreponemaPallidum-Species Treponema pallidum A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that comprise a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> which cause the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwcK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexuallyTransmittedInfection</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1NKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Syphilis</a>. They are probably microaerophilic. heterotrophic bacterium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that use complex carbon compounds to fulfill their cardon requirements. This type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> can not use <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CarbonDioxide</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGW-lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Autotroph_Bacterium</a>. Heterotroph-Bacterium bacterial motility BacterialMotility A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdsNRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialMotility</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rCuCgTHSuEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">BacteriumTypeByPhysiology</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. gram-negative bacterium The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> that do not retain the stain in the 'Gram Staining' process. The cell walls of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPY7jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramNegativeBacterium</a> are more complex and do not contain as many peptoglycans as the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOcGCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramPositiveBacterium</a>. Among the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> which are pathogens, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPY7jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramNegativeBacterium</a> are much more plentiful than the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOcGCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramPositiveBacterium</a>. GramNegativeBacterium These <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s are often found in the urine and feces of animals; human infection is accidental, following exposure to contaminated water or other contaminated materials. Leptospira interrogans LeptospiraInterrogans-Species monotrichous A collection of bacteria that have only one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7ZXo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Flagellum_Prokaryotic</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQ-9Y0nS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Peritrichous</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rPHFx8nS6EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Amphitrichous</a>, Bacterium-Lophotrichous for bacteria with more that one flagellum. Monotrichous Salmonella typhimurium A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSpecies</a> in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. This is the common cause of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1VgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Salmonellosis</a>. SalmonellaTyphimurium-Species A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjf5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismClassificationType</a>, this collection partitions <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> into classes based on how colonies of bacteria grown on blood agar plates display levels of hemolysis. type of bacterium classified by hemolysis display tendency BacteriumTypeByHemolysisDisplayTendency A predicate that is used to make exceptions to constraints normally imposed by some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk8dxOFcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType</a> (qq.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <b>SETORCOL1</b> <b>SETORCOL2</b>)</code> means that the pair consisting of <code><b>SETORCOL1</b></code> and <code><b>SETORCOL2</b></code> is exempt from the disjointness constraint that would otherwise be imposed because those set-or-collections are both elements of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk8dxOFcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType</a>. (See these collections' comments for a full explanation of the constraints.) <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryNerve</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CranialNerve</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKTnSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPartType</a>, which in turn is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>. Consequently, since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryNerve</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CranialNerve</a> (or vice versa), the two collections have a default disjointness constraint placed between them. However, such a disjointness constraint should be blocked, since any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OpticNerve</a> is an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryNerve</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CranialNerve</a>. By asserting <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryNerve</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CranialNerve</a>)</code>, we block the disjointness constraint between those two collections, without disturbing the constraints between each of those collections and all their other (sibling) instances of the parent collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKTnSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPartType</a>. Sibling Disjoint Exceptions siblingDisjointExceptions biological division A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVji6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalTaxon</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a> is a main taxonomic subdivision of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a> (or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalSubkingdom</a>) for the members of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> (i.e., prokaryotes), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViZCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fungus</a> Kingdom, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjG4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plant</a> Kingdom, and for the plant-like organisms within the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVimKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProtistaKingdom</a>. In the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Animal</a> Kingdom, however, the main taxonomic subdivisions are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalPhylum</a> (q.v.), rather than <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViXj5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalDivision</a>. BiologicalDivision The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <font color="#ff0000">#$KRAKEN</font> application to resolve natural language ambiguities. KE clarifying collection type KEClarifyingCollectionType type of bacterium classified by catalase production BacteriumTypeByCatalaseProduction A collection of collections and a method of partitioning the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> according to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLH5NJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Catalase</a> production. This collection divides into the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvX4VfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CatalasePositiveBacterium</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMcii5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CatalaseNegativeBacterium</a>. A collection of collections that divides <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> into two main types based on their carbon sources, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGW-lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Autotroph_Bacterium</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHaOPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heterotroph_Bacterium</a>. type of bacterium classified by carbon source BacteriumTypeByCarbonSource Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI Partitioned Into partitionedInto (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partitionedInto</a> SETORCOL PART) means that the mathematical set or collection PART is a partition of the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL; that is, the elements of PART are themselves mathematical sets or collections, and every element of SETORCOL is an element of exactly one element of PART, and every element of PART is a subset of SETORCOL. In other words, PART is a set or collection of pairwise disjoint sets or collections whose union is co-extensional with SETORCOL. Typically, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk8dxOVcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">DisjointSetOrCollectionType</a> that plays the role of PART in an assertion about partitioning will be a set specified by enumerating its elements, using the function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUeB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThePartition</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CJFjCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearPartition</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partitionedInto</a> (qq.v.). (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a> COL COLTYPE) means that COLTYPE corresponds to one way of dividing the entirety of COL into disjoint subcollections. Specifically, (i) the instances of COLTYPE are all the same sort of subcollection of COL and (ii) each instance of COL is an instance of exactly one instance of of COLTYPE. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-A-apwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedArityFunction</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqt0TJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedArityFunctionTypeByArity</a>) holds, as each fixed-arity function has exactly one arity (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a>). Facets-Partition facets-Partition bacterium Bacterium The collection of bacteria; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleCellOrganism</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> is also an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkDMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heterotroph</a>. Bacteria are typically incapable of processes of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvofLqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photosynthesis_Bacterial</a>. The class <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, also called the Schizomycophyta, is one of the divisions of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. Many bacteria cause diseases that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQww85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialInfection</a> in both plants and animals, but some are beneficial or even necessary for life. Compare with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViFLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BlueGreenAlgae</a>. BacteriumTypeByAerobicity A collection of collections and a partion on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. This collection partitions <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> into two disjoint classes, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvztFhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnaerobicBacterium</a> and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHwrKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AerobicBacterium</a>. type of bacterium classified by aerobicity A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. OrganismByTaxonomicKingdom-Biology-Topic organism by taxonomic kingdom biology topic the union of { fungus, bacterium } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Fungus Bacterium)) type of bacterium classified by sporulation ability BacteriumTypeBySporulationAbility A partition on the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, reflecting class ability or inability to form endospores. A collection of collections and a partioning of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> according to differences in energy used for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjuSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalMetabolismEvent</a>s. This collection divides <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> into two disjoint collections: the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwC_tHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Chemotroph</a>s and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvx8WxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Phototroph</a>s. They use different types of environmental energy in their <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUokgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetabolicPathway</a>s. type of bacterium by metabolism BacteriumTypeByMetabolism faceted covering A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgQmwRl2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearCovering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covering</a> (qq.v.). (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a> COL COLTYPE) means that COLTYPE corresponds to one way of dividing the entirety of COL into subcollections. Specifically, (i) the instances of COLTYPE are all the same sort of subcollection of COL and (ii) each instance of COL is an instance of at least one instance of COLTYPE. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkI5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseballPlayer</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTOvI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseballPlayerTypeByPosition</a>) holds, since each baseball player plays at least one position. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a> is _not_ a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partitionedInto</a>; e.g. some baseball players play more than one position. Cf. the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>, and also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>. facets-Covering SpatiallyDisjointObjectType type of object whose instances do not physically overlap A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. <p/> For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). BacteriumTypeByStructure A partition on the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, reflecting the classical morphological division of the Eubacteria into <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhplH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CoccusBacterium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvfPNiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacillusBacterium</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkFIB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpirillaBacterium</a>. type of bacterium classified by structure bacterium Bacterium The collection of bacteria; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleCellOrganism</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> is also an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkDMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heterotroph</a>. Bacteria are typically incapable of processes of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvofLqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photosynthesis_Bacterial</a>. The class <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, also called the Schizomycophyta, is one of the divisions of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. Many bacteria cause diseases that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQww85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialInfection</a> in both plants and animals, but some are beneficial or even necessary for life. Compare with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViFLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BlueGreenAlgae</a>. facets - strict facets-Strict A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CIljCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a> (q.v.). (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a> COL COLTYPE) means that COLTYPE corresponds to one way of dividing COL up into disjoint subcollections. Specifically, the instances of COLTYPE are all the same sort of subcollection of COL and are, moreover, all disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) each other. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGwcsMFkIQdiMCLmJUEZ9IQ" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed</a> strictly facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>, because the breeds of dog constitute mutually disjoint subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>. Other possible ways of strictly faceting <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> are by sex, by size, and by whether or not they are domesticated. Note that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a> COL COLTYPE) does _not_ imply (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covering</a> COL COLTYPE), since the instances of COLTYPE might not cover all of COL. For example, some dogs belong to no breed. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString BacteriumTypeByGramStain type of bacterium classified by gram stain A collection of collections and a partition on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. This collection partitions <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> into two disjoint classes, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOcGCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramPositiveBacterium</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPY7jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramNegativeBacterium</a>. The 'Gram Stain' is a test to see what type of cell wall the bacteria has. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> are stained with a violet dye and iodine, then rinsed in alcohol, and stained again with a red dye. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOcGCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramPositiveBacterium</a> retain the violet dye while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPY7jJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GramNegativeBacterium</a> will lose it but keep the red. type of bacterium classified by motility A collection of collections and a partition on <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>. This collection divides <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> into disjoint groups according to motility: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtanxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium_Immotile</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP0NB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium_MotileByFlagellum</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvaU6tpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium_MotileByGliding</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwEnbeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium_MotileByAxialFilament</a>. BacteriumTypeByMotility type of bacterium by temperature BacteriumTypeByTemperature A collection of collections and a division of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> according to the differences in temperature needed for optimum growth. This collection divides the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>s into several collections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvAtYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThermophilicBacterium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmBJOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThermoduricBacterium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqTBSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MesophilicBacterium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQIv4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PsychrophilicBacterium</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLRvjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PsychotrophicBacterium</a>. The best growth occurs between a range of temperatures for each division, but no growth will occur beyond the maximum and minimum temperatures. Chlamydiales Chlamydiales-Order A collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalFamily</a>s in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. These often are parasitic organism to humans and other mammals, and birds. bacterium Bacterium The collection of bacteria; a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkG5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleCellOrganism</a>. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a> is also an element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkDMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heterotroph</a>. Bacteria are typically incapable of processes of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvofLqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Photosynthesis_Bacterial</a>. The class <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, also called the Schizomycophyta, is one of the divisions of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a>. Many bacteria cause diseases that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQww85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BacterialInfection</a> in both plants and animals, but some are beneficial or even necessary for life. Compare with the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViFLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BlueGreenAlgae</a>. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name MoneraKingdom An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalKingdom</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProkaryoticCell</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> is a one-celled prokaryotic organism (so each instance lacks a nuclear membrane, as well as other internal organelles). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneraKingdom</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bacterium</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJzoVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PseudomonasMallei</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-S2cpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EscherichiaColi</a>. Monera