]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a> is an event in which an agent buys something (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stock</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUnQqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreciousMetal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTnpiPHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Antique</a>s, or a stake in some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQr8yJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessRelationshipActivity</a>) in the expectation that that thing will increase in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> over time. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpendingMoney</a> (q.v.). Investing investing have made an investment invests invest made an investment has made an investment has invested makes an investment make an investment had made an investment had invested will have made an investment will make an investment invested making an investment have invested will have invested will invest Investment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-invest-verb-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-investing-noun-1 Mis-Selling A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_TRaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fraud</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r6fqrnE1VQdmb3popVG3c_w" class="cyc_term">MisSaleOfAnEndowment</a> is a sale of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7IpXCuycQdiC8Y1DL_Fl9Q" class="cyc_term">Endowment_LifeInsurance</a> in which the seller has defrauded the buyer by failing to explain the greater risk involved with an endowment as compared to an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rr7-0NMSaQdiOKOLbaPjbZA" class="cyc_term">InterestOnlyMortgage</a>, with which endowments are often sold together. Complaints of endowment mis-sales in the UK prompted the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rLk2y6kPcQdmbD6Ou-ugklA" class="cyc_term">FinancialServicesAuthority_UK</a> to undertake a full-scale mis-selling enquiry. MisSaleOfAnEndowment (OnlineActivityTypeFn Investing) The collection of all online investing. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvnDa1jzGQdmKnPNV9T6BkQ" class="cyc_term">InternetActivity</a>. online investing (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Investing objectPaidFor (SharesInFundTypeFn HedgeFund)) hedging offshore investing OffshoreInvesting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwN8aK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FinancialInstrumentTrading</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StockTrading</a> is an event in which someone buys or sells <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stock</a>s. stock trading StockTrading InvestingInAHedgeFund A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rSxpTAE0aQdmM_dGM1Kal8g" class="cyc_term">InvestingInAHedgeFund</a> is a complex event in which a wealthy investor buys into a hedge fund (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYDPz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HedgeFund</a>), and the fund manager uses (typically high-risk, high-payoff) strategies to grow the fund. Hedge fund managers usually have the prospect of profit due to a high commission rate as motivation for performance. investing in a hedge fund PortfolioManagement A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgHQOtE2JQdmD3cfVMDxOpg" class="cyc_term">PortfolioManagement</a> is an event in which a portfolio manager (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortfolioManager</a>) actively looksafter the state of an investment portfolio. portfolio management A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rPQo10Ey9QdmV5brCl79RXg" class="cyc_term">GettingAMortgageOnAHouseToRent</a> is an event in which someone acquires an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rrqXn_twiQdiVpYCanGOHTg" class="cyc_term">BuyToLetMortgage</a> in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rPQo10Ey9QdmV5brCl79RXg" class="cyc_term">GettingAMortgageOnAHouseToRent</a>, and then procedes to rent the house to someone else. GettingAMortgageOnAHouseToRent getting a mortgage and rent the house out DiversifyingInvestments A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNtHyUEVTQdmBxaWQenbXXw" class="cyc_term">DiversifyingInvestments</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2mD3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investor</a> deliberately invests in such a way that his or her risk is distributed among various <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rnqd_xD2eQdmF-uqicjZj2w" class="cyc_term">InvestmentVehicle</a>s. diversifying investments leverage A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a>. Each instance is an investing with borrowed money as a way to amplify potential gains (at the risk of greater losses). Leverage-Financial A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a> is an event in which an agent buys something (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stock</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUnQqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreciousMetal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTnpiPHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Antique</a>s, or a stake in some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQr8yJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessRelationshipActivity</a>) in the expectation that that thing will increase in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> over time. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpendingMoney</a> (q.v.). Investing investing buying A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExchangeOfUserRights</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BuyingActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a> is an event in which an agent (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjQe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">buyer</a>) voluntarily pays (or agrees to pay later) for goods or services provided by another agent (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">seller</a>). A buying event might include subevents of negotiating, paying, and the transferring of the purchased thing to the buyer. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a> include: purchasing fighter jets for the Navy; buying a Pepsi from a vending machine; ordering dinner at a restaurant; acquiring a life insurance policy for oneself; mail-ordering clothes from Sears; shopping at a farmers' market. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a> is <i>not</i> a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_uG0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryExchangeOfUserRights</a>, since there need not be any money exchanged in the actual <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a> event; consider, e.g., a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreditSale</a>. Buying A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> is the collection intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>; that is, a thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> if and only if it is an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> can be constructed from instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a> using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r0VWpmNnEQdiJDq0mDlTBkQ" class="cyc_term">ProcessFn</a> (q.v.). ProcessType type of temporally stuff-like thing that is also a type of durative event Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Buying</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a> is an event in which an agent buys something (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stock</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUnQqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PreciousMetal</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTnpiPHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Antique</a>s, or a stake in some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQr8yJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BusinessRelationshipActivity</a>) in the expectation that that thing will increase in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonetaryValue</a> over time. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjV2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Investing</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpendingMoney</a> (q.v.). Investing investing A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViHpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneyTransfer</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVids5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoneyTransaction</a> is an event in which a transfer of money occurs, and the transfer is done in exchange for something else, according to some (implicit or explicit) agreement. Thus, buying something, investing, making a donation, executing a bequest, and exchanging currency are all examples of money transactions. MoneyTransaction monetary transaction wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name