]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. computer A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is an electronic device that acts on input according to some set of instructions (often in the form of software -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>) producing some output. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> have specialized parts to handle input and output (sometimes peripherals like screens and keyboards, sometimes just input-output terminals on a chip), storage (internal memory and external storage such as disk drives), and reasoning (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CentralProcessingUnit</a>). The more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonalComputer</a> is the collection of the popular archetypes of what a computer is (e.g., desktop, laptop, and palm computers); however, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> are incorporated into many devices (e.g., cars, cameras, and VCRs). Hydraulic computers, analog computers, biological computers, etc. are not instances of this collection because <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>. Computer computers Computer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-computer-noun-1 A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>. Each instance of this collection provides some service for other computers connected to it via a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>, by running instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV6RRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ServerProgram</a>. server ComputerServer allows shared CD-ROM access An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3pPWFDhWEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByPassiveCapability</a>. A computer has this capability if it is possible for its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVu-_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CD_ROMDrive</a> to be accessed by someone other than the currently logged on user. For cases where unauthorized users can gain access, see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4re4jvEhdvEdaAAACgye_mtA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableToUnauthorizedCDRomAccess</a>. AllowsSharedCDRomAccess ScientificComputingUse The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> designed to be used for scientific computing. (e.g. a Cray-SMP) scientific computing use allows null sessions AllowsNullSessions A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKbkB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AllowsAnonymousLogin</a>. A program on a computer has this attribute if it is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZL0UZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WindowsMachine</a> which permits so-called &quot;null sessions&quot; (designed for use by the SYSTEM account to obtain system information from another computer but, unfortunately, able to be logged into by hackers as well.) can script active x controls not marked safe CanScriptActiveXControlsNotMarkedSafe can be used as server CanBeUsedAsServer can run MSN messenger CanRunMSNMessenger The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> designed to be embedded in another system. embedded Embedded vulnerable because can use alerter service VulnerableBecauseCanUseAlerterService computer vulnerability ComputerVulnerability A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLbVjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SystemVulnerableToAttackByComputerOperation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUHap5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerVulnerability</a> is a computer (not a computer network or a computer program copy) that is vulnerable to attack by computeroperation. In many cases, however, a computer is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUHap5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerVulnerability</a> because it has a faulty program running on it. CanPerformActiveScripting can perform active scripting can navigate sub frames across domains CanNavigateSubFramesAcrossDomains MultipleUserComputer multi-user computer Multi-user computers. CanScriptJava can script java A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>. Instances of this collection have the primary function of looking at other nodes in the network to which they belong and &quot;sniffing&quot; for intrusions. They fulfil this functioon in part by running copies of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRcdUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntrusionDetectionProgram</a>s. IDS IntrusionDetectionSystem-Network can run POSIX CanRunPOSIX can create stored cookies CanCreateStoredCookies can access data across domains CanAccessDataAcrossDomains Switch-Network A computer that accepts, routes, and forwards elements of Packet-Network. switch UNIXMachine The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>s that run some version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwJcVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnixOS</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8H-YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Linux</a>, Solaris...). UNIX machine CanDownloadActiveXControls-Unsigned can download active x controls unsigned can download files CanDownloadFiles Firewall-Network A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViXqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SinglePurposeDevice</a>. Each instance of this collection is a dedicated hardware machine designed to run <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvTXEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FirewallProgram</a>s in order to increase the security of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> by filtering out incoming packets (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvqJ145wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Packet_Network</a>) according to specific rules. stand-alone firewall CanScriptActiveXControlsMarkedSafe can script active x controls marked safe A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PortableObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOWjt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BatteryPoweredDevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rOGQ88qUeEd2AAABQjYGu0g" class="cyc_term">EBookReader</a> is a poprtable device desgned to be used for reading e-books. e-book reader EBookReader CanPersistUserData can persist user data CanDragAndDrop can drag and drop AccountingUse accounting use The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> that can be or are designed to be put to accounting uses. To specify that a computer has this feature use: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMY7oVH8BEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">computerPutToUse</a>. For instance, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMY7oVH8BEdaAAAABAjVgzA" class="cyc_term">computerPutToUse</a> Comp01 <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4roZyUrnpOQdeXf9TANDVS_A" class="cyc_term">AccountingUse</a>) states that Comp01 can be used for accounting. little computer 4 LittleComputer-4 information management use InformationManagementUse The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> designed for information management uses. NTMachine The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>s that run (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtG_0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">runsOS</a>) some version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MSWindowsNT</a>. Important specializations are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rb-heRJ89EdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">Win2000Machine</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r0Dbnzp_8EdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">XPMachine</a>. NT machine can run OS 2 CanRunOS-2 can download fonts CanDownloadFonts CanLaunchInIFRAME can launch in IFRAME can install desktop items CanInstallDesktopItems CanCreatePerSessionCookies can create per session cookies WindowsMachine The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>s that run (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtG_0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">runsOS</a>) some version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riNGXwP2fQdaZXrfbbzQmow" class="cyc_term">MSWindows</a>. Windows machine can submit non encrypted form data CanSubmitNonEncryptedFormData VulnerableToSYNFlood vulnerable to SYN flood <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRixTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableToSYNFlood</a> is an attribute of some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>. A computer has this vulnerability if it is running an operating system that fails to handle excessive streams of malformed SYN packets. CapableOfHiddenAdministrativeShares capable of hidden administrative shares can allow passwordless logon CanAllowPasswordlessLogon Workstations and small desktop computers. single-user computer SingleUserComputer Sony Reader SonyReader A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rOGQ88qUeEd2AAABQjYGu0g" class="cyc_term">EBookReader</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rP8VHzqUfEd2AAABQjYGu0g" class="cyc_term">SonyReader</a> is a Sony Reader e-book reader. VulnerableToComputerWormInfiltration An attribute of some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. A computational system has the attribute <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5x36pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableToComputerWormInfiltration</a> if it is configured in such a way as to allow an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBbPnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerWorm</a> to infiltrate the system. vulnerable to computer worm infiltration A program on a computer has this attribute if it allows users to login anonymously. This is common on computers running <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcq_sZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ftpd_TheProgram</a> (see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3up65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableBecauseAllowsAnonymousFTP</a>). It can also be the case if, for example, the computer is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZL0UZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WindowsMachine</a> which permits so-called &quot;null sessions&quot; (see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7d5vsp6GEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">AllowsNullSessions</a>). AllowsAnonymousLogin allows anonymous login NetworkVulnerability <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-7G8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkVulnerability</a> is an attribute of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. In many cases an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a> has a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-7G8ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NetworkVulnerability</a> because it has a vulnerable computer in the network. network vulnerability can paste via script CanPasteViaScript The collection of Apollo machines. ApolloComputer apollo computer The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>s which are specifically designed for playing games. This collection inlcudes handheld portables, consumer systems like Xbox and Playstation as well as stand-alone arcade machines. For the collection of such systems designed for end user purchase see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViT6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HomeVideoGameMachine</a>. video game platform VideoGameSystem computer operation attack vulnerability SystemVulnerableToAttackByComputerOperation <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLbVjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SystemVulnerableToAttackByComputerOperation</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5aTPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableThing</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLbVjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SystemVulnerableToAttackByComputerOperation</a> is a computational system vulnerable to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvv-fq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackByComputerOperation</a>. Being an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLbVjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SystemVulnerableToAttackByComputerOperation</a> is a consequence of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>'s electronic configuration (e.g., its software, file permissions, protocols, etc.) rather than its physical configuration (e.g., its physical access points, location, etc.). vulnerable to registry access A computer has this capability if it is running a program (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSpRYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MSRegistryEditor</a>) that allows users to view and edit <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-qAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RegistryKey</a>s on the system. If said &quot;users&quot; include unauthorized persons, see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rt1nrshp3EdaAAACgye_mtA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableToUnauthorizedRegistryAccess</a>. CanAccessRegistry A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7vIPDnS5EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IBMCompatibleComputer</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r4No51nSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByHardware</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>. IBMCompatibleComputer IBM compatible computer CapableOfSharedResourceAttributeChange capable of shared resource attribute change CanAcceptTelnet can accept telnet VulnerableBecauseCanUseMessengerService vulnerable because can use messenger service CanDownloadActiveXControls-Signed can download active x controls signed Vax The set of DEC VAX machines. VAX VulnerableToTearDropAttack <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvidg3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableToTearDropAttack</a> is an attribute of some instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>. A computer has this vulnerability if it is running an operating system that fails to handle a deliberately malformed UDP (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUCL2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UserDatagramProtocol</a>) packet. In a Teardrop attack, a remote attacker sends one or multiple fragmented UDP packets to a host, which have the correct (according to the IP header) fragment sizes but false (according to the IP header) fragment offsets. The result is that the destination host's memory allocation fails and the OS crashes. vulnerable to tear drop attack The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwSW0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NTMachine</a> that have some version of Microsoft IIS (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmfZrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MSInternetInformationServer</a>) installed, along with at least one other major application or server program. This information is primarily intended for inferences concerning computer security, since isolating IIS on its own computer is generally recommended by security experts to avoid compromise of other, sensitive, programs. Important specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMXikAHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IISAndPDCTogether</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rI8kbzHS7EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">IISAndSQLTogether</a>. Microsoft IIS not on a standalone machine IISNotStandalone An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3pPWFDhWEdaAAAABAxv-7A" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByPassiveCapability</a>. A computer has this capability if it is possible for its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjslZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloppyDiskDrive</a> to be accessed by someone other than the currently logged on user. For cases where unauthorized users can gain access, see the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r4sAMYBdWEdaAAACgye_mtA" class="cyc_term">VulnerableToUnauthorizedFloppyDriveAccess</a>. AllowsSharedFloppyAccess allows shared floppy drive access CanRunActiveXControls can run active x controls netbook-8 Netbook-8 can script paste operations CanScriptPasteOperations Michaels Computer 9 MichaelsComputer-9 Facets-Generic facets-Generic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhOImJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> (q.v.). This is the most general of the &quot;faceting&quot; predicates. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> <b>COL</b> <b>COLTYPE</b>)</code> means that <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code> corresponds to one way of dividing <code><b>COL</b></code> into subcollections. The instances of <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code> are all &quot;the same sort&quot; of subcollection of <code><b>COL</b></code>. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rhz6DbnSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">MovieTypeByGenre</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv973YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a> according to movie-genre; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0pzgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFmUH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HorrorMovie</a>. And <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> according to the type of thing a given function returns as values; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualDenotingFunction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionDenotingFunction</a>. <p/> Note that generic faceting does not entail that the instances of <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code> are mutually disjoint. Thus, a given film might be an instance of <i>both</i> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCRfN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChildrensMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VcW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionMovie</a>. <p/> Note also that generic faceting does not entail that every instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> falls under some instance of <code><b>COLTYPE</b></code>. Thus, consider the universal identity function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSspMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IdentityFn</a>. Its range of values is so broad that it does not fall under any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a>. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>, as well as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgQmwRl2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearCovering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CIljCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CJFjCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearPartition</a>. Whenever possible, one of these more specific predicates should be used. ComputerHardwareDeviceType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. Each instance of this (second-order) collection is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a> all of whose instances are a particular, distinct type of (entire) computer hardware item. It includes such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerKeyboard</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHWtoUUjkEdaKIQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">CableModem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjAe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloppyDisk</a>. It does not contain collections of computers or computer hardware items sorted by brand (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViqupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacintoshComputer</a>). For that, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvx9fVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByBrand</a>. computer hardware device type A predicate that is used to make exceptions to constraints normally imposed by some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk8dxOFcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType</a> (qq.v.). <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <b>SETORCOL1</b> <b>SETORCOL2</b>)</code> means that the pair consisting of <code><b>SETORCOL1</b></code> and <code><b>SETORCOL2</b></code> is exempt from the disjointness constraint that would otherwise be imposed because those set-or-collections are both elements of some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk8dxOFcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointSetOrCollectionType</a>. (See these collections' comments for a full explanation of the constraints.) <p/> For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryNerve</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CranialNerve</a> are both instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKTnSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPartType</a>, which in turn is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SiblingDisjointCollectionType</a>. Consequently, since <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryNerve</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CranialNerve</a> (or vice versa), the two collections have a default disjointness constraint placed between them. However, such a disjointness constraint should be blocked, since any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjLm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OpticNerve</a> is an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryNerve</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CranialNerve</a>. By asserting <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQtVmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">siblingDisjointExceptions</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0GdXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SensoryNerve</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CranialNerve</a>)</code>, we block the disjointness constraint between those two collections, without disturbing the constraints between each of those collections and all their other (sibling) instances of the parent collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKTnSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPartType</a>. Sibling Disjoint Exceptions siblingDisjointExceptions ComputerTypeByVulnerability-Systemwide A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r6EPAMIpIQdeffq54IfiFzw" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByVulnerability</a> is a collection of computer programs that have a certain vulnerability. computer type by vulnerability systemwide Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is an electronic device that acts on input according to some set of instructions (often in the form of software -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>) producing some output. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> have specialized parts to handle input and output (sometimes peripherals like screens and keyboards, sometimes just input-output terminals on a chip), storage (internal memory and external storage such as disk drives), and reasoning (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CentralProcessingUnit</a>). The more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonalComputer</a> is the collection of the popular archetypes of what a computer is (e.g., desktop, laptop, and palm computers); however, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> are incorporated into many devices (e.g., cars, cameras, and VCRs). Hydraulic computers, analog computers, biological computers, etc. are not instances of this collection because <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>. computer Computer AccountSystemTypeByImplementationMeans type of account system A collection of types of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a>, divided by their means of implementation. The two most notable instances are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHWvdhUjkEdaKIQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">NISDomain</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwM4WJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NTDomain</a>. specializations of physical device device topic SpecializationsOfPhysicalDevice-Device-Topic ComputerTypeByVulnerability-Remote A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r6EPAMIpIQdeffq54IfiFzw" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByVulnerability</a> is a collection of computer programs that have a certain vulnerability. computer type by vulnerability remote UNIX account system UnixAccountSystem The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a> that are built around the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwJcVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnixOS</a>. SpatiallyDisjointObjectType type of object whose instances do not physically overlap A collection of collections and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is a collection C of spatial things (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>), where each of the spatial things in C is spatially disjoint with the other spatial things in C. <p/> For example, the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a>, since dogs do not spatially overlap. Even pregnant dogs do not spatially overlap the pups they bear; rather, pregnant dogs contain their unborn pups. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVGrQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LatitudeLine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvW4n1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CompactDisc_Audio</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwR7UWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetaryBody</a>. An important specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpPHhAOB1EdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointObjectType</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatiallyDisjointRegionType</a> (a collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjnZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">City</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a>). A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvx9fVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByBrand</a> is a collection of computers, where that collection is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvom2E5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductTypeByBrand</a>. brand of computer ComputerTypeByBrand Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString ComputerHardwareItem A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>. Each instance of this collection is either an entire <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a>, or a device used with or in computers to accomplish some computing-related task (for instance, computer terminals, printers, keyboards, etc.). computer hardware the union of { computer, monitor } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Computer ComputerMonitor-VideoKind)) FileSharingSystem file-sharing system <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rottUQkdaEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">FileSharingSystem</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rottUQkdaEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">FileSharingSystem</a> is such that each node in it shares files with the other nodes in it. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rottUQUdaEdaEEQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">nodeInFileSharingSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3NNXFjgtEdaHLgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Filesystem</a>. computer type by vulnerability local ComputerTypeByVulnerability-Local A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r6EPAMIpIQdeffq54IfiFzw" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByVulnerability</a> is a collection of computer programs that have a certain vulnerability. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is an electronic device that acts on input according to some set of instructions (often in the form of software -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>) producing some output. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> have specialized parts to handle input and output (sometimes peripherals like screens and keyboards, sometimes just input-output terminals on a chip), storage (internal memory and external storage such as disk drives), and reasoning (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CentralProcessingUnit</a>). The more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonalComputer</a> is the collection of the popular archetypes of what a computer is (e.g., desktop, laptop, and palm computers); however, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> are incorporated into many devices (e.g., cars, cameras, and VCRs). Hydraulic computers, analog computers, biological computers, etc. are not instances of this collection because <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>. computer Computer computer type by vulnerability A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r6EPAMIpIQdeffq54IfiFzw" class="cyc_term">ComputerTypeByVulnerability</a> is a collection of computer programs that have a certain vulnerability. ComputerTypeByVulnerability NT account system The union of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwM4WJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NTDomain</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwSW0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NTMachine</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgiQQ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NTAccountSystem</a> is the collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhAUBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccountSystem</a>s which are built around the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MSWindowsNT</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a>. NTAccountSystem wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name computational system A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViUcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoweredDevice</a>. Each instance of this collection is a system used for computing purposes. It includes as specializations both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>. Anything that can be said about both collections can more efficiently be stated about this collection. For example, instead of saying that system administrators maintain instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerNetwork</a>, one can simply say that system administrators maintain instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>. ComputationalSystem A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGq7AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputationalSystem</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQ2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerHardwareItem</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is an electronic device that acts on input according to some set of instructions (often in the form of software -- see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>) producing some output. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> have specialized parts to handle input and output (sometimes peripherals like screens and keyboards, sometimes just input-output terminals on a chip), storage (internal memory and external storage such as disk drives), and reasoning (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkAepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CentralProcessingUnit</a>). The more specialized collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersonalComputer</a> is the collection of the popular archetypes of what a computer is (e.g., desktop, laptop, and palm computers); however, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> are incorporated into many devices (e.g., cars, cameras, and VCRs). Hydraulic computers, analog computers, biological computers, etc. are not instances of this collection because <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjXzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Computer</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ElectronicDevice</a>. computer Computer