]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Collecting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWMZaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collecting</a> is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are collected together at a single &quot;place&quot;. The objects might come from various sources, and might be gathered via some collection network. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpe5e5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GroupingObjects</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBUJ2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectingInformation</a>. gathering things together accumulating has gathered things together has rounded up will collect amass amasses have accumulated had gathered things together have collected accumulated will have amassed collection has accumulated will amass collected had accumulated has collected had gathered accumulates had amassed gathers collects had rounded up round up will accumulate gather things together collections rounded up amassing have amassed accumulations will have accumulated rounding up gather rounds up collecting will have gathered has amassed gathers things together gathering have gathered things together will have gathered things together have rounded up have gathered accumulation amassed had collected has gathered collect accumulate will gather will have rounded up will gather things together will round up gathered things together will have collected gathered Collecting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecting http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-gather-verb-1 consolidation Consolidation collection information The subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collecting</a> whose instances are events in which instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvf9sZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AspatialInformationStore</a> are collected. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBUJ2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectingInformation</a> differs from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> in that instances of the former involve more than just the transfer of information. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBUJ2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectingInformation</a> may involve actitivites that are not themselves instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a>. For example, a military reconnaissance flight might be an instance, or subevent of an instance, of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBUJ2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectingInformation</a>, but it involves events - such as the motion of the aircraft - that are not information transfer events. In addition, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBUJ2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectingInformation</a> involve the creation of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj2rJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingObject</a>, which need not be the case for instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a>. CollectingInformation physical collecting event Events in which tangible objects are collected from various sources to a single destination via some collection network. PhysicalCollectionEvent GroupingObjects A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collecting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which two or more <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>s are grouped together (possibly in accordance with some general convention) in such a way as to constitute a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> that did not exist before. <p/> Such an act of grouping (unlike an instance of the superficially similar <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalCollectionEvent</a>) requires an intention to do so on the part of the agent who performs the act, and often (but not always) also involves some physical act of bringing the objects into proximity with each other. Examples include putting flowers together to make a bouquet and assembling a sports team. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjYOcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GroupingThingsMentally</a>. grouping Collecting gathering things together A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWMZaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collecting</a> is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are collected together at a single &quot;place&quot;. The objects might come from various sources, and might be gathered via some collection network. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpe5e5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GroupingObjects</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBUJ2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectingInformation</a>. transfer event with well-defined to-location TransferIn A collection of events. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWMZaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeneralizedTransfer</a> (q.v.) for which there is a well-defined thing that it is a transfer &quot;to&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAyrYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">to_Generic</a>), but not necessarily a well-defined thing that it is a transfer &quot;from&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9UIFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">from_Generic</a>). Subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWMZaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collecting</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWRg15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GainingUserRights</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjWH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccessingAnIBT</a>. At the end of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWMZaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a>, the thing transferred (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDbKaOuVmQdeTKaYmT-4jgg" class="cyc_term">transferredThing</a>) is in some sense &quot;located&quot; at the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAyrYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">to_Generic</a>. Non- examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWMZaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a> include instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWe33pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbandoningSomething</a> (when there is no prospective owner) and of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvXDRVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IBTGeneration</a> (when the information may go to various unspecified locations). Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI type of temporally stuff-like thing TemporalStuffType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code><b>COL</b></code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code> is itself an instance of <code><b>COL</b></code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code><b>COL</b></code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). <p/> More precisely, for a collection <code><b>COL</b></code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code><b>OBJ1</b></code> and <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> (with <code><b>OBJ2</b></code> at or above <code><b>COL</b></code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>COL</b>)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> <b>OBJ1</b> <b>OBJ2</b>)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>OBJ2</b> <b>COL</b>)</code>. <p/> Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code><b>WALK</b></code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> of <code><b>WALK</b></code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code><b>SUBWALK</b></code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. TypicalHumanActivityType-AtLeastOnce The collection of specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> such that persons typically are involved in (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjFpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">actors</a>) at least one instance of the activity type in their lifetime. typical human activity type at least once Collecting gathering things together A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWMZaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransferIn</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collecting</a> is an event in which tangible or intangible objects are collected together at a single &quot;place&quot;. The objects might come from various sources, and might be gathered via some collection network. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpe5e5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GroupingObjects</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBUJ2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectingInformation</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwL4_QpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryRolePredicate</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAEHXCMkoQdeQhNTx-fnNLg" class="cyc_term">groupGathered</a> GATHERING GROUP) identifies GROUP as the group that results from GATHERING, the gathering togther of the objects that make up GROUP. groupGathered Group Gathered Required Actor Slots A typed-specialization (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typedGenlPreds</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvo8bsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rolesForEventType</a> (q.v.), whose second argument-place is constrained to instances (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCgF_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> EVENTTYPE ACTORSLOT) means that for any instance EVENT of EVENTTYPE, there is some participant ACTOR that fills ACTORSLOT in EVENT (i.e. (ACTORSLOT EVENT ACTOR) holds). For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCgF_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>) means that in any creation event some output is created. requiredActorSlots Top-Topic top-topic A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AtLeastPartiallyMentalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a> is an action consciously, volitionally, and purposefully done by (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>) at least one actor. intentional action PurposefulAction wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name PhysicalCreationEvent physical creation event The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a>s in which something <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> is created.