]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. research Research A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. investigate had investigated investigating will investigate have investigated will have investigated investigates investigated has investigated Research http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-research-verb-2 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-research-noun-1 intelligence process A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rUbnhurESEdmAAACQJw5drg" class="cyc_term">IntelligenceActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2wRN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligenceAnalysisProcess</a> is an event in which an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rqJUa6LrMEdaAAAACs6Mw3A" class="cyc_term">IntelligenceAnalyst</a> gathers and analyzes information for intelligence purposes. IntelligenceAnalysisProcess (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Research eventOccursAt Watercraft) research in which a watercraft plays an event location role meteorology research (ResearchInFn Meteorology) CulturalScenarioEvaluationProcess cultural scenario evaluation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Evaluating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryF4SpCrzEdqAAAACs6hcqg" class="cyc_term">CulturalScenarioEvaluationProcess</a> is an event in which a person assesses the way that cultural norms are likely to bear on the development of a situation. Often a person undertakes such an assessment in order to determine how to act in a planned cross-cultural encounter. (ResearchingAndDevelopingFn NuclearRelatedMaterial) The collection of all nuclear programs. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a>. nuclear program (ResearchInFn Astronomy) astronomy research research in which manufacturing in which a nuclear weapon plays a product role plays an Object Of Investigation role (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Research objectOfInvestigation (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Manufacturing productsCreated NuclearWeapon)) (ResearchInFn Medicine-FieldOfStudy) medical research (ResearchInFn (FieldAppliedToFn Biology NervousSystem)) neurobiological research general medical research GeneralMedicalResearch VettingASource vetting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rFqT0-GCzQdiOn6DlmENs1Q" class="cyc_term">VettingASource</a> is an event in which a researcher attempts to ascertain how authoritative or reliable a source of information is. A common technique for vetting a source is getting expert opinions about its authoritativeness. (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Research objectOfInvestigation NuclearWeapon) research in which a nuclear weapon plays an Object Of Investigation role research and development of nuclear reactors (ResearchingAndDevelopingFn NuclearReactor) This constant is currently a stub. financial analysis process FinancialAnalysisProcess experiment Experimenting A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyNKs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CheckingWhetherConditionObtains</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a> is an event in which one performs tests to determine whether an hypothesis is true. The tests in question need not be empirical in nature (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDQUKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThoughtExperimenting</a>). For the common case in which the tests in question <i>are</i> empirical, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rpn20LpMOQdia88KlGQNFDg" class="cyc_term">Experimenting_Empirical</a>. chemistry research (ResearchInFn Chemistry) The collection of all research projects. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViqMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Project</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. research project ResearchProject (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Research objectOfInvestigation (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet NuclearWeapon ChemicalWeapon RadiologicalExplosiveWeapon BiologicalWeapon))) research in which CBRN plays an Object Of Investigation role nuclear weapons program (ResearchingAndDevelopingFn NuclearWeapon) A collection of collections. Each instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is an event. Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a> is a collection with the following property of 'cumulativity': if PROCESS-COL is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9vChJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CumulativeEventType</a>, and PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 are instances of PROCESS-COL, then the minimal event containing PROCESS-1 and PROCESS-2 (that is, (<font color="#ff0000">#$EventSumFn</font> PROCESS-1 PROCESS-2)) is also an instance of PROCESS-COL. CumulativeEventType type of cumulative event Collection of all instances of human inquiry where what is being sought is a deeper understanding of the nature of some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Thing</a>. The subject of investigation could in principle be any one of a wide variety of entities: a philosophical problem, a criminal act, a natural phenomenon, etc.. The phenomenon under investigation may be actual or merely putative within the context of the representation. Also, the nature of the thing being investigated may be substantially different from what the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwI27qJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">investigatingAgent</a> believes it to be. investigation Investigation research Research A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> is the collection intersection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>; that is, a thing is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> if and only if it is an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNyXxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DurativeEventType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsptUGhfiQdmQ1dIv6htA7Q" class="cyc_term">ProcessType</a> can be constructed from instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv48ocpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AccomplishmentType</a> using <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r0VWpmNnEQdiJDq0mDlTBkQ" class="cyc_term">ProcessFn</a> (q.v.). ProcessType type of temporally stuff-like thing that is also a type of durative event Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI research Research A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString research Research A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationGathering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Research</a> is an event in which an agent or group of agents gathers information about a particular subject, with the aim of learning things about that subject that the agent or agents did not previously know. In some cases, the agents in question (e.g., professional scientists) aim to learn things that no one knows, in other cases the agents (e.g., high school students) merely aim to find published knowledge which they did not know before. In some cases research may involve doing experiments (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCT3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Experimenting</a>) or building systems (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVip8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ResearchProject</a>), in other cases it may involve strictly document search. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name OrganizationsByFunction-Organization-Topic organizations by function organization topic