]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. longitude <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitude</a> THING ANGULAR-DISTANCE)</code> means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> <code>THING</code> is located at the east longitude <code>ANGULAR-DISTANCE</code>, in the sense that either the whole of <code>THING</code> lies at this longitude or <code>THING</code> has a proper part which lies at this longitude. Thus if <code>THING</code> is, for instance, a large geographical region, there can be more than one true assertion of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitude</a> THING X)</code>. Some examples of assertions about longitude are: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRFVJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeMeridian_Greenwich</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Degree_UnitOfAngularMeasure</a> 0)) and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi5OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfAustinTX</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Degree_UnitOfAngularMeasure</a> -97.7)). As the last example indicates, longitudes of things in the western hemisphere are expressed using negative real numbers. We adopt the convention that the longitude of the north and south poles is 0 degrees. Longitude (interval-based quantity measure) 2 2 2 (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3TR9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitudeMin</a> OBJ LAT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> OBJ has its most western part(s) geographically located at LAT, where LAT denote a longitude line [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdq0oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LongitudeLine</a>] in the "geographical universe". longitudeMin Longitude Min longitudeMax (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUp1lZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitudeMax</a> OBJ LAT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a> OBJ has its most eastern part(s) geographically located at LAT, where LAT denote a longitude line [<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdq0oZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LongitudeLine</a>] in the "geographical universe". Longitude Max Azimuth Angle Predicate Fn geodetic coordinate system (AzimuthAnglePredicateFn GeodeticCoordinateSystem) Interval Entry Format In Args An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rCChXalCpEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">SpecificEntryFormatPredicate</a> (q.v.) that is used only with argument-places that are constrained to instances (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>) of either <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a> or some specialization of either. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9kwboFCrEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">intervalEntryFormatInArgs</a> PRED N) means that, for any particular way of fixing the other arguments to PRED besides the Nth, for any two intervals such that if either one is taken as the Nth argument PRED holds of those arguments, those intervals must "overlap" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDOsJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quantityIntersects</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">temporallyIntersects</a>). That is, if the sequences <... ARGN ...> and <... ARGN-PRIME ...> differ at most in their Nth items and both (PRED ... ARGN ...) and (PRED ... ARGN-PRIME ...) hold, then (i) if (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> PRED N <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a>) then (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDOsJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quantityIntersects</a> ARGN ARGN-PRIME) holds and (ii) if (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> PRED N <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>) then (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">temporallyIntersects</a> ARGN ARGN-PRIME) holds. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9kwboFCrEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">intervalEntryFormatInArgs</a> holds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1auZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodyTemperature</a> with respect to its second argument-place because, while a given creature (at a given moment in time) has a single exact (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViCW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarPointValue</a>) body temperature, we want the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1auZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">bodyTemperature</a> to be flexible enough to allow us to specify this temperature with varying degrees of precision (e.g. as "98.6 degrees Fahrenheit" or as "between 98 and 99 degrees Fahrenheit" or as "less than 100 degrees Fahrenheit"). For another example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9kwboFCrEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">intervalEntryFormatInArgs</a> holds of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rxSpKC8qREdaSDQACs6MxsQ" class="cyc_term">foundingDate</a> with respect to its second argument-place because, while a given city has a single exact (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">startingPoint</a>) time when it was founded, we want the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rxSpKC8qREdaSDQACs6MxsQ" class="cyc_term">foundingDate</a> to be flexible enough to allow us to specify this date with varying degrees of precision (e.g. as "June 14, 1964," "June 1964," or simply "1964"). Note that many interval-entry format argument-places that are constrained to time-intervals have <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> as their asserted <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a> constraint. intervalEntryFormatInArgs MeasurableQuantitySlot A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuantitySlot</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QuantitySlot</a> is a binary predicate that is used to attribute a property to a thing, by relating it to a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rr-2NGp7sQdidoL5VyxYMGg" class="cyc_term">MeasurableQuantity</a> (q.v.) of some sort, such as a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Distance</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speed</a>, or a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvaEcosFuQdiNopS8VV8ODg" class="cyc_term">MeasurableQuantitySlot</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjbZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">lengthOfObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijs5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">duration</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGwNl-MFvQdiPHKVk-aZIEw" class="cyc_term">NonNumericQuantitySlot</a>. measure <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AngularDistance</a> is a measure of the separation between the rays defined by two points and a fixed center. AngularDistance angular distance longitude <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitude</a> THING ANGULAR-DISTANCE)</code> means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> <code>THING</code> is located at the east longitude <code>ANGULAR-DISTANCE</code>, in the sense that either the whole of <code>THING</code> lies at this longitude or <code>THING</code> has a proper part which lies at this longitude. Thus if <code>THING</code> is, for instance, a large geographical region, there can be more than one true assertion of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitude</a> THING X)</code>. Some examples of assertions about longitude are: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRFVJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeMeridian_Greenwich</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Degree_UnitOfAngularMeasure</a> 0)) and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">longitude</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi5OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfAustinTX</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Degree_UnitOfAngularMeasure</a> -97.7)). As the last example indicates, longitudes of things in the western hemisphere are expressed using negative real numbers. We adopt the convention that the longitude of the north and south poles is 0 degrees. Longitude (interval-based quantity measure) arg2Format Arg 2 Format An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9mupZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArgFormatPredicate</a> (q.v.) used to place a particular <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViaHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Format</a> (q.v.) constraint on the second (or "arg2") argument-place of a given predicate. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVoULZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arg2Format</a> PRED FORMAT)</code> means that <code>PRED</code>'s arg2 is constrained to <code>FORMAT</code>. See the reified instances <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViaHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Format</a> for further details. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv09GqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetaRelation</a> used for stating that a given relation takes a specified number of arguments. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a> RELN N)</code> means that that semantic well-formedness requires that <code>RELN</code> take exactly <code>N</code> arguments at a time. That is, a formula <code>(RELN ARG1 ... ARGM)</code> is semantically well-formed only if <code>M</code> = <code>N</code>. For example, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a> of any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BinaryPredicate</a> is 2. Note that full semantic well-formedness requires obeying argument-type constraints (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV3kTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArgTypePredicate</a>) as well as arity constraints. For a general explanation of semantic well-formedness, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJHhhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLExpression_Assertible</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWAXgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLExpression_Askable</a>. arity arity spatial thing SpatialThing A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>. The collection of all things that have a spatial extent or location relative to some other <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> or in some embedding space. Note that to say that an entity is a member of this collection is to remain agnostic about two issues. First, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> may be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkBk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Texas_State</a>) or wholly <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjjo5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Intangible</a> (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsrySJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArcticCircle</a> or a line mentioned in a geometric theorem). Second, although we do insist on location relative to another spatial thing or in some embedding space, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> might or might not be located in the actual physical universe. It is far from clear that all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a>s are so located: an ideal platonic circle or a trajectory through the phase space of some physical system (e.g.) might not be. If the intent is to imply location in the empirically observable cosmos, the user should employ this collection's specialization, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwS68M5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing_Localized</a>. (CollectionSubsetFn AngularDistance (TheSetOf ?X (quantitySubsumes (Degree-UnitOfAngularMeasure -180 180) ?X))) angular distance that is a sub-scalar interval of -180 - 180 degrees A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWKHbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReformulatorConstant</a> that relates pairs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwE2kWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedDenotationalTerm</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is, in a sense, a "directional" version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> FAVORED-TERM DISFAVORED-TERM)</code> means that (1) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> and <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> denote the same thing, and (2) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is deemed worthy of being privileged over <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> in the following senses: assertions made on <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be propagated to <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>, and whenever possible attempts to reason about <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be transformed into attempts to reason about <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>. The propagated assertions will differ from the original assertions only in that the propagated assertions will be the result of substituting <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> for <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> wherever <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> occurs in the original assertions. Note that substitution does not happen in the opposite direction. That is, assertions containing <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> will not propagate to <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. One common use of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is that in which <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is a syntactically simpler term than <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. For example, <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> may contain fewer nested terms that denote <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a>s than does <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGGrfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>)) is a good example of this common sort of use. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> expresses a strictly conventional notion of "directional" equality. Pragmatic considerations, not ontology, will dictate which term is chosen to occur as the privileged (left-hand side) term in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> assertion. Thus, in the example the fact that simpler terms are generally easier to use (remember, manipulate, etc.) dictates that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> should be a rewrite of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGGrfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>), and not vice versa. Rewrite Of rewriteOf A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNZi3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetaPredicate</a> for specifying the argument-place(s) with respect to which a given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FunctionalPredicate</a> (q.v) is "functional". (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">functionalInArgs</a> PRED N) means that PRED is functional in its Nth argument-place. That is, for any particular way of fixing all of PRED's other arguments, there will be at most one thing that, if taken as the Nth argument, would result in a true sentence. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">biologicalMother</a> is functional in its second argument, as nothing has more than one biological mother. In most cases, the entry-format of a functional argument-place should be <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r1Sp9BFCrEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">singleEntryFormatInArgs</a> (q.v.). In some cases, however, the entry-format is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r9kwboFCrEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">intervalEntryFormatInArgs</a> (q.v.), and then the meaning of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcuZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">functionalInArgs</a> PRED N) deviates slightly from that described above. In such a case there might be more than one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ScalarInterval</a> (q.v.) that, when taken as PRED's Nth argument (and keeping the other arguments fixed), yields a true statement; but if so, all such (equivalently "truth-yielding") scalar-intervals must overlap one another (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDOsJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quantityIntersects</a>). For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjgRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">heightOfObject</a>'s second, functional argument-place has the interval-entry format, reflecting the fact that it might be true to say of a given basketball player (e.g.) either that he is 6-feet-11-inches in height or that he is between 6-feet-10 and 7-feet in height. Obviously, the specified integer N must be less than or equal to the arity (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">arity</a>) of PRED. Note that, for some ways of fixing the other arguments, there might be nothing that would yield a true sentence when put in PRED's functional argument-place. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">dictator</a> is functional in its second argument because a given country can have at most one dictator at a given time; but of course some countries have no dictator. See also the more specialized <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIxW_4sRHEdaAAACQJ5qciw" class="cyc_term">strictlyFunctionalInArgs</a>. Functional In Args functionalInArgs