]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. year CalendarYear A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (q.v.) and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is a year in some particular calendar. Examples include #$TheYear1972 and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 2001). Note that (as with any instance of an instance of calendar-covering-type) a given calendar-year is a temporally-continuous individual that occurs only _once_; e.g. it is not something that recurs each century or each millenium. calendar year years calendar years

Calendar year

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_year summer olympics year SummerOlympicsYear A year in which a summer olympics was or will be held leap year LeapYear The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>s which are leap years; in the Julian & Gregorian calendar systems these are calendar years in which February has 29 days winter olympics year WinterOlympicsYear A year in which a winter olympics was or will be held FiscalYear Each instance of this collection is an annual, year-long interval of time kept track of by an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> as part of its operational and financial accounting procedures. Since the start dates and end dates may vary depending on the organization, instances of this collection are time intervals like FiscalYearOf1989ForMicrosoft fiscal year IslamicYear Islamic year The collection of all calendar years in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIbldZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslamicLunarCalendar</a> system. There are 12 lunar months in the calendar, which means that the months [see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r1EZROCyJEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">IslamicMonth</a>] and any events tied to specific days of the year slowly migrate through the seasons from year to year. leap year jewish LeapYear-Jewish The collection of Jewish <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>s which are leap years. Jewish leap years have an additional month, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7wDR-NcwQdeCn40r4zUjlw" class="cyc_term">Adar_JewishMonth</a>. Jewish year The collection of all calendar years in the Jewish calendar system. There are 12 months in the calendar on non-leap years. On leap years, there are 13 months. The month <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7wDR-NcwQdeCn40r4zUjlw" class="cyc_term">Adar_JewishMonth</a> occurs only on leap years. On non-leap years, the month <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZt6oTtcxQdeQ0IDRt94RLQ" class="cyc_term">Adar_II_JewishMonth</a> is called "Adar". JewishYear gregorian year The collection of all calendar years in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkIX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GregorianCalendar</a> system. Each year starts ten or eleven days after the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYPM8uVe8EdaQLQACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">DecemberSolsticeDay</a>. This is the normal year used since the middle of the 20th Century throughout the non-Islamic world. GregorianYear The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>s which are not leap years; i.e., calendar years in which February has 28 days NonLeapYear non-leap year TheYear2000 the year 2000 The year 2000. year CalendarYear A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (q.v.) and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is a year in some particular calendar. Examples include #$TheYear1972 and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 2001). Note that (as with any instance of an instance of calendar-covering-type) a given calendar-year is a temporally-continuous individual that occurs only _once_; e.g. it is not something that recurs each century or each millenium. either a non-leap year or a leap year (ThePartition NonLeapYear LeapYear) date functions time topic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAmoSCGJbQdiSXZJvYiNhkQ" class="cyc_term">CycVocabularyTopic</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtGXkHpNaEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">KBDependentCollection</a>. DateFunctions-Time-Topic NormalTimeParameter A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rT2stuKZtEdaAAACgycbRfg" class="cyc_term">TimeParameter</a>. This is used only for separating ordinary/normal time parameters from those of the form (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r0-wf3LYsQdeLnItlcCibDA" class="cyc_term">TimeParameter_GLB_Fn</a> P_0 ... P_k). normal time parameter A specialization, in fact the intersection, of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rthXufFmbQdeHbdGF9gweSw" class="cyc_term">ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries_Disjoint</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtadLcFmbQdeca_F8SDbSCQ" class="cyc_term">ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries_Covering</a> (q.v.v.). This collection sounds very much like <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a>, but here are the differences. (I) Not all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtdDZwlmbQdeNuckwQ46hMA" class="cyc_term">ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries_CoveringAndDisjoint</a>. The judgment on whether an instance INS of the former is an instance of the latter depends on whether it makes sense in ordinary English to say `the next INS'. For example, `the next year', `the next month', `the next week', `the next day' (tomorrow) etc. make perfect sense in English, perhaps `the next hour' or even `the next minutes' are still okay. It is hard to say whether `the next second' is a member of this collection, but `the next Planck second' or `the next 10^-24 second' should not belong to this collection. (II) Certain interval types not included in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> may belong to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtdDZwlmbQdeNuckwQ46hMA" class="cyc_term">ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries_CoveringAndDisjoint</a>. For example, if we want to talk about `stages' in an long event or a scenerio, or `stages' in a plan, we can have these types of intervals included in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtdDZwlmbQdeNuckwQ46hMA" class="cyc_term">ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries_CoveringAndDisjoint</a>. (III) Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> must contain intervals that are enough to literally cover the entire time line, while an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtdDZwlmbQdeNuckwQ46hMA" class="cyc_term">ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries_CoveringAndDisjoint</a> does not have to have that property. For example, when we talk about `stages' in a scenerio, we don't have to consider the time after the scenerio, and therefore the `stages' do not have be extended to cover the end of time. type of conventionally classified time interval ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries-CoveringAndDisjoint Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL YearsDuration year A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitOfTime</a> (q.v.) function that takes one or two real numbers as arguments and returns, as its value, a comparable <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> measured in years. More precisely, an expression of the form (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjq75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearsDuration</a> NUM) denotes the ("point-value") <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> of being exactly NUM years in duration, and an expression of the form (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjq75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearsDuration</a> MIN MAX) denotes the (properly interval-like) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViApZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Time_Quantity</a> of being at least MIN years and at most MAX years in duration. Partitioned Into partitionedInto (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partitionedInto</a> SETORCOL PART) means that the mathematical set or collection PART is a partition of the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL; that is, the elements of PART are themselves mathematical sets or collections, and every element of SETORCOL is an element of exactly one element of PART, and every element of PART is a subset of SETORCOL. In other words, PART is a set or collection of pairwise disjoint sets or collections whose union is co-extensional with SETORCOL. Typically, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk8dxOVcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">DisjointSetOrCollectionType</a> that plays the role of PART in an assertion about partitioning will be a set specified by enumerating its elements, using the function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUeB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThePartition</a>. year CalendarYear A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (q.v.) and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is a year in some particular calendar. Examples include #$TheYear1972 and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 2001). Note that (as with any instance of an instance of calendar-covering-type) a given calendar-year is a temporally-continuous individual that occurs only _once_; e.g. it is not something that recurs each century or each millenium. CalendarCoveringType type of calendar time interval A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgETA5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporallyDisjointTemporalObjectType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rT2stuKZtEdaAAACgycbRfg" class="cyc_term">TimeParameter</a> (qq.v.), and a collection of collections of time intervals. Each instance COVTYPE of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TimeInterval</a>s such that the temporally-ordered sequence of all of the instances of COVTYPE would completely cover all of time without any overlap. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarHour</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> because all of time consists of a non-overlapping sequence of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarHour</a>s. Similarly, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarWeek</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarDay</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r0xB65iyJEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">GregorianMonth</a> are calendar-covering types. Conversely, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjW85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monday</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi4upwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">December</a> are _not_ calendar-covering types because time does not consist of an unbroken sequence of Mondays, or of Decembers. Also note that a collection called (say) "Week" -- defined (unlike CalendarWeek) as the collection of _all_ seven-day-long periods of time (thus an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rUZ_j-rTBEdaAAACgycbRfg" class="cyc_term">SameLengthTimeIntervalType</a>) -- would _not_ be an instance of CalendarCoveringType since different Weeks of this sort overlap; e.g. the week beginning today, the week beginning yesterday, and the week beginning tomorrow all overlap. Defining Time Unit (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvq6ohpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">definingTimeUnit</a> ?CALENDAR-INTERVAL-TYPE ?TIME-UNIT) means that the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a>, ?CALENDAR-INTERVAL-TYPE, and the unit of time, ?TIME-UNIT, are defined in terms of each other. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvq6ohpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">definingTimeUnit</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeCJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarDay</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DaysDuration</a>). definingTimeUnit date Date A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rcx7avnK6QdiKLYWCkThr9w" class="cyc_term">ContinuousTimeInterval</a> (q.v.). A continuous time-interval is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> if and only if it has a standardly-defined location on particular calendar. Here, having a "standardly-defined location" means that the interval is a standard unit of time (with respect to some calendar) whose start and end times can be specified in whole-number multiples of that and larger units. Thus the midnight hour GMT on 1 January 2000 CE is a date; but neither the five-hour-long interval between midnight and 5:00 AM GMT nor the hour-long interval between 12:15 and 1:15 AM GMT on that same day are dates. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rjDIG0hYWEdiZsQACs2G8_A" class="cyc_term">CalendarMilliSecond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi5_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarMinute</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTO5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarHour</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-DA4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PolarDay</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCfBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarWeekend</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FiscalYear</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVLBMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarMillennium</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString TimeOfYearType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rthXufFmbQdeHbdGF9gweSw" class="cyc_term">ConventionallyClassifiedTimeIntervalSeries_Disjoint</a> (q.v.), containing every collection TYPE of time intervals such that each calendar year intersects, indeed subsumes, exactly one member of TYPE; that is to say, the relation <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">temporallySubsumes</a>, when restricted to <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> times TYPE, is a one-one function from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> to TYPE. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MonthOfYearType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi38ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DayOfYearType</a>. time of year type year CalendarYear A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Date</a> (q.v.) and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVijDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarCoveringType</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is a year in some particular calendar. Examples include #$TheYear1972 and (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjympwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">YearFn</a> 2001). Note that (as with any instance of an instance of calendar-covering-type) a given calendar-year is a temporally-continuous individual that occurs only _once_; e.g. it is not something that recurs each century or each millenium. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name