]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. BaseballTeam An organization of athletes that play baseball. baseball team baseball teams sports team whose focal activity is playing baseball

Baseball

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-baseball_team-noun-1 baseball team that is also a mens sports team (CollectionIntersection2Fn BaseballTeam MensSportsTeam) (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromFn BaseballTeam groupMembers MinorLeagueBaseball) minor league ball club major league baseball team (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromFn BaseballTeam hasMembers MajorLeagueBaseball) MajorLeagueBaseballTeam The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkDP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseballTeam</a> that make up <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MajorLeagueBaseball</a>. major league baseball team CollegeBaseballTeam college baseball team The collection of all college baseball teams. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwI-jxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MensSportsTeam</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5nBB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollegeSportsTeam</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkDP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BaseballTeam</a>. WinnipegGoldeyes-BaseballTeam the Winnipeg Goldeyes WaterburySpirit-BaseballTeam the Waterbury Spirit the St. Paul Saints StPaulSaints-BaseballTeam the Johnstown Johnnies JohnstownJohnnies-BaseballTeam the Lehigh Valley Black Diamonds LehighValleyBlackDiamonds-BaseballTeam ValleyVipers-BaseballTeam the Valley Vipers the Adirondack Lumberjacks AdirondackLumberjacks-BaseballTeam the Canton Crocodiles CantonCrocodiles-BaseballTeam the Madison Black Wolf MadisonBlackWolf-BaseballTeam DuboisCountyDragons-BaseballTeam the Dubois County Dragons ZionPioneerzz-BaseballTeam the Zion Pioneerzz the Massachusetts Mad Dogs MassachusettsMadDogs-BaseballTeam the Newark Bears NewarkBears-BaseballTeam SiouxFallsCanaries-BaseballTeam the Sioux Falls Canaries SomersetPatriots-BaseballTeam the Somerset Patriots CatskillCougars-BaseballTeam the Catskill Cougars BridgeportBluefish the Bridgeport Bluefish Duluth-SuperiorDukes the Duluth-Superior Dukes TriCityPosse-BaseballTeam the Tri-City Posse SolanoSteelheads-BaseballTeam the Solano Steelheads RiverCityRascals-BaseballTeam the River City Rascals EvansvilleOtters-BaseballTeam the Evansville Otters ElmiraPioneers-BaseballTeam the Elmira Pioneers the Chillicothe Paints ChillicothePaints-BaseballTeam SiouxCityExplorers-BaseballTeam the Sioux City Explorers the Long Island Ducks LongIslandDucks-BaseballTeam Albany-ColonieDiamondDogs-BaseballTeam the Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs SonomaCountyCrushers-BaseballTeam the Sonoma County Crushers ChicoHeat-BaseballTeam the Chico Heat Fargo-MoorheadRedhawks-BaseballTeam the Fargo-Moorhead Redhawks the New Jersey Jackals NewJerseyJackals-BaseballTeam YumaBullfrogs-BaseballTeam the Yuma Bullfrogs ColoradoSilverBullets-BaseballTeam Colorado Silver Bullets Baseball Team A now-defunct professional women's baseball team, sponsored for most of its existence by Coors, that barnstormed the country against amateur and minor-league teams. SchaumburgFlyers-BaseballTeam the Schaumburg Flyers the Springfield Capitals SpringfieldCapitals-BaseballTeam CookCountyCheetahs-BaseballTeam the Cook County Cheetahs LondonWerewolves-BaseballTeam the London Werewolves the Les Capitales de Quebec LesCapitalesDeQuebec-BaseballTeam the Feather River Mudcats FeatherRiverMudcats-BaseballTeam the Nashua Pride NashuaPride-BaseballTeam AtlanticCitySurf-BaseballTeam the Atlantic City Surf RichmondRoosters-BaseballTeam the Richmond Roosters the Allentown Ambassadors AllentownAmbassadors-BaseballTeam A collection of collections. Each instance is a spec of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeam</a> whose instances are all of the same sport. type of sports team classified by sport SportsTeamTypeBySport Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToFn SportsTeam focalActivityType (PlayingFn Baseball-TheGame)) baseball team BaseballTeam An organization of athletes that play baseball. baseball team BaseballTeam An organization of athletes that play baseball. baseball team Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeam</a> is specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZowY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Team</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIw695wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeam</a> is a group of people who regularly play on one team during (more-or-less frequent) team sports games. A sports team may be a commercial, professional team supported by a large full-time staff, or it may be semi-pro or amateur. Only <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi--5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Athlete</a>s are members of the team itself; staff would belong to a related team organization. Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViwbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SportsTeam</a> include: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjcK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PittsburghSteelers</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7kZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PittsburghPirates</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwI3sEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PittsburghPenguins</a>. sports team SportsTeam The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWKHbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLReformulatorConstant</a> that relates pairs of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwE2kWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLClosedDenotationalTerm</a>s. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is, in a sense, a "directional" version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">equals</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> FAVORED-TERM DISFAVORED-TERM)</code> means that (1) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> and <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> denote the same thing, and (2) <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is deemed worthy of being privileged over <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> in the following senses: assertions made on <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be propagated to <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>, and whenever possible attempts to reason about <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> will be transformed into attempts to reason about <code>FAVORED-TERM</code>. The propagated assertions will differ from the original assertions only in that the propagated assertions will be the result of substituting <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> for <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> wherever <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code> occurs in the original assertions. Note that substitution does not happen in the opposite direction. That is, assertions containing <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> will not propagate to <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. One common use of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> is that in which <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> is a syntactically simpler term than <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. For example, <code>FAVORED-TERM</code> may contain fewer nested terms that denote <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a>s than does <code>DISFAVORED-TERM</code>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGGrfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>)) is a good example of this common sort of use. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> expresses a strictly conventional notion of "directional" equality. Pragmatic considerations, not ontology, will dictate which term is chosen to occur as the privileged (left-hand side) term in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTvAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rewriteOf</a> assertion. Thus, in the example the fact that simpler terms are generally easier to use (remember, manipulate, etc.) dictates that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesNavy</a> should be a rewrite of (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGGrfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NavyFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVikKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnitedStatesOfAmerica</a>), and not vice versa. Rewrite Of rewriteOf A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code>COPY</code> of (say) "Moby Dick" is still a copy of "Moby Dick". (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially object-like: if we take a scalpel and slice <code>COPY</code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of "Moby Dick". So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object quotedIsa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDeDIGEW0EdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raOoTci9qEdma4AACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is "implicitly quoted" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHb_bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> THING EXPR-TYPE)</code> does not mean that <code>THING</code> itself is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular CycL expression appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type #$PublicConstant. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is not a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an explicitly quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) #$PublicConstant). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an open expression, see the accompanying #$cyclistNotes. Quoted Isa BaseballTeam An organization of athletes that play baseball. baseball team wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name WordNetWorkflowConstant-NotFullyReviewed word net workflow constant not fully reviewed The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvzSRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLConstant</a>s created from the import of concepts from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtfZxnO-3QdibF4NWtMhnaQ" class="cyc_term">WordNet_Version2_0</a> that have not yet been fully reviewed by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCyclist</a>.