]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. alkaloid Alkaloid Instances are pieces of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and usually oxygen, and are often derived from plants. Though poisons, many alkaloids have physiological effects that render them useful as medicines or interesting as narcotics. Some popular and notable alkaloids are curare, altropine, morphine, codeine, cocaine, caffeine, LSD, quinine, serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine. alkaloids Alkaloid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-alkaloid-noun-1 A chemical used to treat exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting substances. Atropine atropine An alkaloid used to make tonic and cure malaria. Derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Quinine quinine Nicotine nicotine A popular alkaloid stimulant, found in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tobacco</a> Cocaine <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> is a naturally occurring substance present in the leaves of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CocaPlant</a>. Pharmacologically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has two prominent actions: it is a potent <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVoehJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LocalAnesthetic</a>, and it is a powerful <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjC2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stimulant</a>. Psychotropically, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> inhibits the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain, causing alertness and heightened energy, a sense of euphoria, decreased anxiety and social inhibitions, and heightened sexuality. Side-effects include addiction, anxiety, depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, and possibly paranoia. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VFupwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine</a> has been used in South America for more than 3,000 years and in the United States since the 19th century in a variety of forms: coca leaves, coca paste, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVg8HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Powder</a>, and cocaine base (e.g., freebase and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAhDipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cocaine_Crack</a>). cocaine A popular alkaloid stimulant, found in tea, coffee, soft drinks, matte, and various other consumables. caffeine Caffeine Batrachotoxin A toxin that comes from the skin of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQXYEYsQ_QdebN9AQ9Vu1nw" class="cyc_term">ColombianPoisonArrowFrog</a>. It is one of the most poisonous toxic substances. batrachotoxin alkaloid Alkaloid Instances are pieces of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and usually oxygen, and are often derived from plants. Though poisons, many alkaloids have physiological effects that render them useful as medicines or interesting as narcotics. Some popular and notable alkaloids are curare, altropine, morphine, codeine, cocaine, caffeine, LSD, quinine, serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine. Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI alkaloid Alkaloid Instances are pieces of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and usually oxygen, and are often derived from plants. Though poisons, many alkaloids have physiological effects that render them useful as medicines or interesting as narcotics. Some popular and notable alkaloids are curare, altropine, morphine, codeine, cocaine, caffeine, LSD, quinine, serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString polycompound chemical type The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChemicalSubstanceType</a> whose instances contain molecules of different instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvUCoPtoTQdaZVdw2OtjsAg" class="cyc_term">ChemicalCompoundTypeByChemicalSpecies</a>. PolyCompoundChemicalType base ChemicallyBasicSubstance The collection of all chemically basic substances. An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. alkaloid Alkaloid Instances are pieces of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and usually oxygen, and are often derived from plants. Though poisons, many alkaloids have physiological effects that render them useful as medicines or interesting as narcotics. Some popular and notable alkaloids are curare, altropine, morphine, codeine, cocaine, caffeine, LSD, quinine, serotonin, strychnine, and nicotine. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name OrganicMaterial organic substance A collection of tangible things. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjD0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganicMaterial</a> is a tangible thing composed of one or more types of organic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjwspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Molecule</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjD0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganicMaterial</a> usually have their origin in the bodies (or other products) of living things. Since some organic substances can be synthesized, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjD0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganicMaterial</a> is not a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalTangibleStuff</a>. Chemically, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjD0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganicMaterial</a> have fairly (or very) complex carbon-based structures. Examples include all instances of the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjZ6ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oil</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXHLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DNAStuff</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Alcohol_Compound</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjL-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ivory</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a>.