]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Subsidiary An organization that is fully controlled by another. subsidiary subsidiaries

Subsidiary

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary SalmedixInc A wholly-owned subsidiary of Cephalon, Inc., that makes cancer drugs. Salmedix, Inc. The company that developed the video-sharing website, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ref9KHAC5Ed2AAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">YouTube_WebSite</a>. YouTube became a subsidiary of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rb5DJZAb4EduAAADggVaqvw" class="cyc_term">GoogleInc</a> in 2006. YouTube-TheCompany YouTube Ricoh Innovations RicohInnovations PMIMortgageInsuranceCompany PMI Mortgage Insurance Packard Bell PackardBellNEC The manufacturer of IBM-compatible microcomputers and peripherals. Formed in 1979. Saturn Corporation The maker of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNKAIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SaturnCar</a>. SaturnTheCompany ShowaWires-TheCompany Showa Wires and Cables Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL Subsidiary subsidiary An organization that is fully controlled by another. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQf_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLTerm</a> that denote concepts that are prevalent in the Motley Fool UK corpus. (See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rSNbynjmGQdmSBOkWSuTs_Q" class="cyc_term">MotleyFoolUK_Website</a>, which comprises the corpus.) PrevalentInMotleyFoolUKCorpus prevalent in motley fool UK corpus Subsidiary subsidiary An organization that is fully controlled by another. Organization organization The collection of all organizations. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> is a group whose group-members are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>, certain relationships and obligations exist between the members of the organization, or between the organization and its members. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> include both informal and legally constituted organizations. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> can undertake projects, enter into agreements, own property, and do other tasks characteristic of agents; consequently, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> is a specialization of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViKppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalGovernmentOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjl2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeopoliticalEntity</a>. Subsidiary subsidiary An organization that is fully controlled by another. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a> relates a particular organization to one of its sub-organizations -- i.e., a smaller organization which is part of it or which it somehow subsumes. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a> ORG SUBORG)</code> holds both when <code>SUBORG</code> is only one organizational level down from <code>ORG</code>, e.g., (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjTDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NationalLeague_Baseball</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViP6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NationalLeagueEast_Baseball</a>), and when it is several levels down the hierarchy. subOrganizations suborganization quotedIsa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDeDIGEW0EdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raOoTci9qEdma4AACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is "implicitly quoted" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHb_bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> THING EXPR-TYPE)</code> does not mean that <code>THING</code> itself is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular CycL expression appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type #$PublicConstant. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is not a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an explicitly quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) #$PublicConstant). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an open expression, see the accompanying #$cyclistNotes. Quoted Isa OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic type of organization classified by structural characteristic A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a> is a collection whose instances are distinguished by structural characteristics. For example, the collections <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWYI25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BranchOrganization</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> are all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwqqg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganizationTypeByStructuralCharacteristic</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChainOrganization</a> is distinguished by the structure which exists among the parent company and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_v5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subOrganizations</a> through which it operates. Similarly, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWYI25wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BranchOrganization</a> are distinguished by the fact that they are part of a larger structure. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Department</a> are distinguished by the fact that they are formal groups within a larger organizational structure. agent non geographical Agent-NonGeographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ro3lluGJHQdiVxrZReHS-jQ" class="cyc_term">EnduringThing_Localized</a> (qq.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTamqeBNMEdqAAAACs4vPlg" class="cyc_term">Agent_NonGeographical</a> is the collection of all spatially-located agents that are not geographical (cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTccApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalAgent</a>). Specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryJtzbicMEdqAAAACs6hcqg" class="cyc_term">EmbodiedAgent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViS05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommercialOrganization</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a>. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name requiredArg2Pred A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwNZi3JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MetaPredicate</a> for stating that every instance of a given collection is related (as the "arg2") to some thing or things by a given predicate. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvftiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredArg2Pred</a> COL PRED) means that for every instance INST of COL, there exists some sequence <X1, X3, ..., Xn> of such that (PRED X1 INST X3 ... Xn) holds. For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvftiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredArg2Pred</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPSHP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Side</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKKmw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectSides</a>) means that every side is the side of at least one object. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdUGBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredArg1Pred</a>. Required Arg 2 Pred