]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. bridge A specialzation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3OvFOHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SuspendedPathArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>s are elevated roadways, usually over water or some other pathway artifact. Bridge span bridges spans Bridge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-bridge-noun-1 movable bridge A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. Movable bridges are fixed structures, parts of which move to allow objects to travel past them. MovableBridge ArchBridge arch bridge A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. Arch bridges have abutments at each end and are shaped as curved arches. They transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust against the abutments at either side. trestle Trestle <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZIdHZN6QEdmAAAACs6hnlQ" class="cyc_term">Trestle</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZIdHZN6QEdmAAAACs6hnlQ" class="cyc_term">Trestle</a>s are those brodges designed for use by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Train_TransportationDevice</a>s. They may also feature footpaths, but the primary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOOJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathType</a> of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZIdHZN6QEdmAAAACs6hnlQ" class="cyc_term">Trestle</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi-lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Railway</a>. SuspensionBridge suspension bridge A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. On suspension bridges the main load-bearing cables are suspended between towers and vertical suspender cables attached to the main load-bearing cables carry the weight of the deck below. cable-stayed bridge A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. Cable-stayed bridges consist of one or more pillars from which with supporting cables descend to the deck. CableStayedBridge TrussBridge truss bridge A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. Truss bridges are supported by truss structures -- static structures consisting of straight slender members inter-connected at joints into triangular units. covered bridge CoveredBridge Kind of bridge in which the pathway has walls on the sides and a roof. temporary military bridge Bridge-Military The collection of all bridges built (temporarily) for military purposes. Sub-collections of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpEfspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedBridge_Military</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvpd1HJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FloatingBridge_Military</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvonWfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BridgeWithArmoredVehicle</a> etc. elevated roadway ElevatedRoadway The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyNjbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Roadway</a> that are elevated (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. Cantilever bridges are supported by cantilevers positioned towards the middle of the bridge. cantilever bridge CantileverBridge A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rx_LqKCTaQdeDobXeN24CKg" class="cyc_term">Causeway</a> is a raised roadway across wet ground or shallow water. Causeways tend to be longer than the average bridge. causeway Causeway Bridge-Permanent The collection of all permament bridges. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVRPmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge_Permanent</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRHFzqrgzEdqAAAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">LandTransportationTerrainFeatureType</a>. permanent bridge member of { ruin, bridge } (CollectionIntersectionFn (TheSet RuinedArtifact Bridge)) Viaduct viaduct The collection of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a> that connect two regions of equal height. Overpass overpass A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkCmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PathForWheeledVehicles</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>. When two wheeled-vehicle paths cross in such a way that they do not join or intersect each other, but instead one path passes over the other, the portion of the former path that passes directly over the latter is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPu0MZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Overpass</a>. The corresponding portion of the latter path is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPu1HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Underpass</a>. BayBridge-SanFrancisco the San Francisco Bay Bridge Louis Philippe bridge PontLouisPhilippe-Bridge-Paris The Pont Louis Philippe links l'Ile St-Louis to the right bank of the Seine in Paris. the Bay Bridge ChesapeakeBayBridge The Pont des Arts accross the Seine in Paris. Cross the Seine here and you will follow the shortest dry path between the Louvre and the Palais de l'Institut de France. This bridge is for pedestrians only. PontDesArts-Bridge-Paris Des Arts bridge The Pont St Louis, accross the Seine, links l'Ile de la Cite and l'Ile St-Louis in Paris. St.Louis bridge PontStLouis-Bridge-Paris Neuf bridge The Pont Neuf, famous bridge accross the Seine, at the head of the Ile de la Cite on the Seine River. PontNeuf-Bridge-Paris bridge A specialzation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3OvFOHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SuspendedPathArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>s are elevated roadways, usually over water or some other pathway artifact. Bridge SolidSurfacePathThroughAir The collection of all existing or designated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJXokJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Spatial</a>s that pass through air along a solid surface. An object following such a path is immersed in the air but supported by the solid surface of the path. To refer to a pure trajectory of the motion, regardless of whether there is any pre-existing or pre-designated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJXokJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Spatial</a>, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwREN6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SolidSurfaceTrajectoryThroughAir</a>. solid path through air <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3OvFOHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SuspendedPathArtifact</a> is the collection of agent-made paths that are suspended or elevated above ground or water surface. suspended thing SuspendedPathArtifact Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwO3H5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArtifactType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruAulZpUZEdqAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">BridgeTypeBySupportType</a> is a collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>s grouped together according to the technique used to support their spans. bridge type by support type BridgeTypeBySupportType An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRCCC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Generic</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> is a path with two distinct ends that do not &quot;overlap&quot; each other (in the case of spatial paths, the two ends are spatially disjoint). Since no instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> has ends that join at one point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv6MSn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Cyclic</a>. Although instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> have distinct ends, some instances may have more than two things that are its &quot;end-points&quot;. For example, a path between Austin and Pittsburgh can also be a path between Texas and Pennsylvania. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViOaZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Path_Simple</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViZ_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pipe_GenericConduit</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Nerve</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a>. Path-Simple path that is not a loop DB pedia OWL class DBPediaOWLClass A collection of collections. Each instance of this collection is a collection that corresponds to one of the classes in the DBPedia ontology. bridge A specialzation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3OvFOHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SuspendedPathArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>s are elevated roadways, usually over water or some other pathway artifact. Bridge LandTransportationTerrainFeatureType land transportation terrain feature type A collection of collections. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRHFzqrgzEdqAAAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">LandTransportationTerrainFeatureType</a> are collections of terrain features which are used for or relate to transportation of vehicles, people, or materials over land. bridge A specialzation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3OvFOHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SuspendedPathArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>s are elevated roadways, usually over water or some other pathway artifact. Bridge bridge A specialzation of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3OvFOHS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">SuspendedPathArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD1IZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bridge</a>s are elevated roadways, usually over water or some other pathway artifact. Bridge TopAndBottomSidedObject A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmLypJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopAndBottomSidedObject</a> is an object with an intrinsic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjEpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopSide</a> and an intrinsic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjWc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BottomSide</a>. By 'intrinsic' we mean simply that there exists an established convention according to which one side is considered 'top' and the other side is considered 'bottom'. Usually the two sides in question can be reliably distinguished from one another. For example, by convention, the 'top' of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViZ9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Table_PieceOfFurniture</a> is the side on which other objects usually rest, while the 'bottom' is the side which usually touches the floor. Notice that a conventionally distinguishable bottom and top do not necessarily imply a left and right, or a front and back. A plant is a good example of the case where they do not: top and bottom can be reliably distinguished but not, ordinarily, front and back or left and right. Notice also--and this is crucial to the whole conception--that while a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmLypJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopAndBottomSidedObject</a> may well have a preferred orientation, changing this orientation does not change what counts as 'top' and what counts as 'bottom': if a car flips over on the highway its top is now facing the pavement and its bottom--the undercarriage--is now up in the air. If an entity does not obey this rule then it does not, generally speaking, count as having a distinguishable top and bottom--example: an hourglass or a book. (see also <font color="#ff0000">#$NoteAboutSidedObject</font>) top and bottom sided object facets - strict facets-Strict A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CIljCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a> (q.v.). (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a> COL COLTYPE) means that COLTYPE corresponds to one way of dividing COL up into disjoint subcollections. Specifically, the instances of COLTYPE are all the same sort of subcollection of COL and are, moreover, all disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) each other. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGwcsMFkIQdiMCLmJUEZ9IQ" class="cyc_term">DogTypeByBreed</a> strictly facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>, because the breeds of dog constitute mutually disjoint subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a>. Other possible ways of strictly faceting <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Dog</a> are by sex, by size, and by whether or not they are domesticated. Note that (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a> COL COLTYPE) does _not_ imply (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVYJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covering</a> COL COLTYPE), since the instances of COLTYPE might not cover all of COL. For example, some dogs belong to no breed. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString FixedStructure fixed free-standing structure <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> is a human-constructed, freestanding object that exists in a fixed location. Examples include buildings, pyramids, the Great Wall of China, dams, bridges, elevated roadways, and canals. Such structures may have parts which are also instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjGR5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FixedStructure</a> (e.g. bridge pilings) and parts which are not freestanding (e.g. the span of a bridge, or a room in a building). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVidpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructionArtifact</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvoE5zpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InfrastructureProduct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWjXAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TransportFacility</a> is a structure built and used by human beings for the purpose of transportation of people, livestock or goods, or for associated support services. TransportFacility transport facility wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name