]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. glacier Glacier A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glacier</a> is a very slowly moving (practically stationary) thick sheet of ice which expands down a slope or out from the center (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Icecap</a>). glaciers Glacier http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-glacier-noun-1 A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glacier</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Icecap</a> is a glacier that slowly expands out from its center. Icecap icecap TopographicalFeature topographical feature A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> is a three-dimensional feature of a planet's surface, typically with boundaries defined by formations of rock, dirt, water, etc., or by significant changes in elevation. <p/> Some important specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Peninsula</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjNz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Harbor</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEVpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shoreline</a>. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi-apwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KyushuIsland_Japan</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViWr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SaintThomas_Island</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi5xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LakeErie</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjSDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VictoriaFalls</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MalayPeninsula</a>. <p/> Note that collections of regions defined by the presence of human artifacts (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQtfnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CitySkyline</a>) or ecological characteristics (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVAaWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Forest</a>) are <i>not</i> specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a> is the collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r6-wc8BKxEdeIXwCgydofLQ" class="cyc_term">CartographicFeatureType</a>s which naturally occur on the surface of the Earth. Positive examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mesa</a>. Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzt5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaterReservoir</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canal</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rT2uByCTVQdeVZZaE0030Zg" class="cyc_term">Airfield</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ru-8ymLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">ArtifactualFeatureType</a>, the corresponding collection for feature types which are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkH_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Artifact</a>s. natural feature type NaturalFeatureType Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI frozen fresh water (SolidFn Water-Fresh) Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString natural inanimate object InanimateObject-Natural An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkF6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalTangibleStuff</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a> is an inanimate object that was not created by an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PurposefulAction</a>. Thus, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjWEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MoonOfEarth</a>, human <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjJtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sweat</a> staining a shirt, and most footprints left by people in the snow belong to this collection; but wood chips left around a tree being chopped down, tailings left from a mine, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1lTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ArcDeTriomphe</a> do not. A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a> (q.v.). Moreover, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a> is a collection that is temporally stuff-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>) but physically-spatially object-like (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>) -- i.e. object-like with respect to some physical-spatial part-whole predicate (e.g. some specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>). <p/> Consider the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Further, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is temporally stuff-like: any one of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a given copy <code><b>COPY</b></code> of (say) &quot;Moby Dick&quot; is still a copy of &quot;Moby Dick&quot;. (Most collections of tangible objects are temporally stuff-like in this way.) But <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is spatially <i>object-like</i>: if we take a scalpel and slice <code><b>COPY</b></code> into ten pieces, each piece is not a copy of &quot;Moby Dick&quot;. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJaXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BookCopy</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. ExistingObjectType type of object Layer A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rve4lGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Layer</a> is a sheet-like object situated adjacent, surface-to-surface, to at least one surface or layer or region on one side, and possibly to other layers or surfaces on both sides. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rve4lGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Layer</a> may be part of a larger object, or it may be an independent whole object, such as a hide confined in a stack of hides. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rve4lGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Layer</a> is <i>not</i> an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvipL4pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FreeSheet</a>. layer glacier Glacier A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glacier</a> is a very slowly moving (practically stationary) thick sheet of ice which expands down a slope or out from the center (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Icecap</a>). wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name A collection of geographical regions. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a> is a region having one or more characteristic ecosystems. From knowledge of those ecosystems, we can posit whether certain organisms can forage, reproduce, and live successfully there. Information about ecological regions typically also includes what kinds of organisms are in fact found there. In theory, any arbitrary continuous region could be analyzed as an ecological region, but most regions identified in practice have some kind of sameness or systematic interconnection in their topology, climate, and biology. Examples: the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQBnu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternDesertOfEgypt</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvr5ZE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GreatBarrierReef</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEX1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Amazon_Region</a>. EcologicalRegion ecological region glacier Glacier A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glacier</a> is a very slowly moving (practically stationary) thick sheet of ice which expands down a slope or out from the center (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Icecap</a>). glacier Glacier A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvakVVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InanimateObject_Natural</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8xJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Glacier</a> is a very slowly moving (practically stationary) thick sheet of ice which expands down a slope or out from the center (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD8lJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Icecap</a>).