]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. invented language The collection of all artificial languages. A type of <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage-Informal</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a>. ConstructedHumanLanguage artificial languages conlang constructed languages artificial language invented languages conlangs constructed language Constructed language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language InternationalAuxiliaryLanguage international auxiliary language AmericanSignLanguage ASL The language commonly used by deaf people in the United States. Note that American Sign Language is syntactically and semantically distinct from English and from various forms of 'signed English.' BasicEnglish A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a>. Basic English BritishSignLanguage British Sign Language <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwU5KLJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BritishSignLanguage</a> is the signed language commonly used by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r1YzUknS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">DeafAnimal</a> people in the British Isles. Note that it bears little similarity to the signed language used in the United States, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTv7pJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AmericanSignLanguage</a>. IndonesianLanguage A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhTVd5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConstructedHumanLanguage</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8VZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LivingLanguage</a> and a member of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj3xZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternAustronesianLanguageFamily</a>: the simplified version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGP5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MalayLanguage</a> that was adopted as the lingua franca for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViy1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Indonesia_TheNation</a> upon federation. Bahasa Indonesia Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString invented language The collection of all artificial languages. A type of <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage-Informal</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a>. ConstructedHumanLanguage type of language grouping LanguageGroupingType An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a>, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjy9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LanguageGroupingType</a> is a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> (q.v.). invented language The collection of all artificial languages. A type of <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage-Informal</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a>. ConstructedHumanLanguage HumanLanguage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. Each instance of this collection is a language that is used by human communities for communication. This collection differs from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a> in that a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> may be purposefully created, while <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>s evolve without a purposeful creation process. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a> thus include not only many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>s, but also made-up languages like Esperanto and many (non-natural) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-Tl2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SignLanguage</a>s. human language informal language InformalLanguage A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0iZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Language</a>. A language is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV7TOhK5EduAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">InformalLanguage</a> if and only if it is <i>not</i> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8zbW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalLanguage</a>; i.e. not specified or created by some instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwEr4JpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FormalGrammar_CW</a> (q.v.). A prime specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalLanguage</a>. Note that an <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage</font> (q.v.) might be formal or informal. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name invented language The collection of all artificial languages. A type of <font color="#ff0000">#$ArtificialLanguage-Informal</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5SKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanLanguage</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a>. ConstructedHumanLanguage DevisedStructuredActivity devised structured activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9p3wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedPracticeOrWork</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a> is an abstraction of a largely rule-governed activity. Major specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPySLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sport</a> -- instances of these collections are abstractions of activities that are obviously rule-governed.