]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. mucous membrane The collection of all instances of mucus membrane, considered as an <font color="#ff0000">#$OrganicStuff</font>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MucousMembrane</a> linesInside-Skinlike the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestiveSystem</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReproductiveSystem</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RespiratorySystem</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mucus</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covers_Paintlike</a> each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MucousMembrane</a>. MucousMembrane mucous membranes Mucous membrane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane mucous membrane that is injured (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToFn MucousMembrane hasPhysiologicalFeature Injured) gastric mucosa (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromTypeFn MucousMembrane physicalParts Stomach) Membrane001 Membrane 001 Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL mucous membrane The collection of all instances of mucus membrane, considered as an <font color="#ff0000">#$OrganicStuff</font>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MucousMembrane</a> linesInside-Skinlike the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestiveSystem</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReproductiveSystem</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RespiratorySystem</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mucus</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covers_Paintlike</a> each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MucousMembrane</a>. MucousMembrane mucous membrane The collection of all instances of mucus membrane, considered as an <font color="#ff0000">#$OrganicStuff</font>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MucousMembrane</a> linesInside-Skinlike the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestiveSystem</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReproductiveSystem</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RespiratorySystem</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mucus</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covers_Paintlike</a> each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MucousMembrane</a>. MucousMembrane SheetOfSomeStuff sheet of some substance A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj27ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyTangible</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> is a partially tangible thing which (in its &quot;intrinsic&quot; shape -- see <font color="#ff0000">#$CurrentShapeVsIntrinsicShape</font>) is continuous and, when flattened, uncrumpled, unfurled, etc., has one dimension which is significantly smaller than the other two dimensions. Although each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> is a _continuous_ sheet, it may be penetrable, so <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Screen_Mesh</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVia8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Netting</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgH-D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LaceCloth</a> are specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> may be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPKnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Puddle</a> on a relatively flat surface (but not in a deep pothole) or an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8G6fpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AltoStratusCloud</a> would be instances of this collection. Note that being an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> implies nothing about the current configuration of the instance; in particular, instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a> need not be perpetually lying flat. For example, aluminum foil on a roll or a bedspread crumpled up on a bed are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGbpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetOfSomeStuff</a>. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjG1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SheetShapedObject</a>. interior surface tangible A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkDZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SurfaceRegion_Tangible</a>. This is the collection of all surfaces of the interiors of tangible things. The tangible thing may have a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRqJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cavity</a> or several cavities or passageways. Often the tangible thing can be thought of as a container of some sort. InteriorSurface-Tangible internal anatomical part InternalAnatomicalPart <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcbbL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQBXZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismPart</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcbbL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InternalAnatomicalPart</a> is a part of the internal anatomy of an organism. Example subcollections include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CirculatorySystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbw1j5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MiddleEar</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString mucous membrane The collection of all instances of mucus membrane, considered as an <font color="#ff0000">#$OrganicStuff</font>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MucousMembrane</a> linesInside-Skinlike the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DigestiveSystem</a>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ReproductiveSystem</a>, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RespiratorySystem</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mucus</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjMIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">covers_Paintlike</a> each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MucousMembrane</a>. MucousMembrane The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type internal animal body region type InternalAnimalBodyRegionType A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHQdVmB_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">SecondOrderCollection</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvxc48pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OrganismConstituentType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHrmSNDQ-QdmercrM6Bw1mg" class="cyc_term">InternalAnimalBodyRegionType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVraoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyRegion</a> whose instances are, under normal circumstances, located completely within (i.e. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuIDVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">in_ContCompletely</a>) the outer surface of an animal. Instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Brain</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bone_BodyPart</a>. Non-instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Head_AnimalBodyPart</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkBpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wing_AnimalBodyPart</a>,and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4reD9GUO1TQdiOaOGRBoFR1w" class="cyc_term">UpperBody_Human</a>, which are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rFRCrfjQ4QdmLuKByH71oGQ" class="cyc_term">ExternalAnimalBodyRegionType</a> (q.v.). ExistingStuffType type of temporally and spatially stuff-like thing A collection of collections, and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> is a collection of things (including portions of things) which are both temporally and spatially stufflike. Division in time or space does not destroy the stufflike quality of the object (down to a certain granularity). <p/> <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <b>STUFFTYPE</b> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>)</code> implies both (i) for most instances <code><b>STUFF</b></code> of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>, for any proper physical part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8a2smPXcQdiEoJhcx65EiQ" class="cyc_term">properPhysicalDecompositions</a>) <code><b>PART</b></code> of <code><b>STUFF</b></code>, <code><b>PART</b></code> is also an instance of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code> and (ii) for all instances <code><b>STUFF</b></code> of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>, for most proper physical parts <code><b>PART</b></code> of <code><b>STUFF</b></code>, <code><b>PART</b></code> is also an instance of <code><b>STUFFTYPE</b></code>. <p/> For example, every piece of wood is temporally stufflike: if W-168 is a piece of wood during 1996, then it's also a piece of wood for the one-minute time-slice 9:05am 7/7/96. It's also spatially stufflike: if we take that piece of wood W-168 and cut it in half, we have two things which are both pieces of wood. Since every piece of wood is both temporally and spatially stufflike, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVimxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wood</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. Other instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a> include the collections <font color="#ff0000">#$AppleJuice</font>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1EpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IceCream</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgC2UJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Diamond</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCaCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WaxedPaper</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StriatedMuscle</a>. See the comment for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> to learn more about the distinctions between, and the need for, these four collections: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWXYgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingObjectType</a>. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVraoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a> is an anatomical part of some living animal, and thus is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVim7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BiologicalLivingObject</a> (q.v). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalBodyPart</a> includes both highly localized organs (for example, hearts) and physical systems composed of parts distributed throughout an animal's body (such as an animal's circulatory system and nervous system). Note that severed limbs and removed organs are _not_ instances of this collection, since they are not _parts_ of some living animal. AnimalBodyPart body part All pieces of solid animal material. SolidAnimalMatter solid animal matter Slippery slickness