]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. NaturalThing natural thing The notoriously hard to define collection of &quot;natural&quot; things. An individual is an instance of this collection if it is itself an individual or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> that occurs in nature, i.e., not as a result of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>'s (or group thereof) intentions to modify the environment, or else is an individual that is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> that is itself natural. natural more natural most natural natural things Natural Thing (Jonathan Edwards album) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Thing_%28Jonathan_Edwards_album%29 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-natural-adjective-3 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-natural-adjective-2 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-natural-adjective-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-natural-adjectivesatellite-7 Hill A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIp032uHpEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">VerticalProtrusion_Topographical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEUypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hill</a> is a convex protrusion from the surface of a planet that is smaller than a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a> (q.v.). hill rim Rim-Topographical The uppermost edge of a deep topographical depression, such as the rim of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPKjXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crater</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgD_SpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Canyon</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Volcano</a>, etc. cave A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rWlYxOnS_EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Underground</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvdzSmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CavityWithWalls</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViDMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cave</a> is a natural, hollow passage under the surface of the Earth, typically with an opening to the surface. Cave Apron-Topographical apron-topographical A specializaion of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rw4--UiTfQdeTAd3NPZMGfg" class="cyc_term">Slope_Topographical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rkaRPPiTVQdeI4ZXG60qcgA" class="cyc_term">Apron_Topographical</a> is a gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, found around groups of islands and seamounts. Estuary estuary A subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjI85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Estuary</a> an arm of the sea at the lower end of a river, where tide meets outflow, usually associated with a widening of the river channel. <p/> Compare with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Delta</a>. Also see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjIspwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">riverEndTopography</a>. Playa A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rXIvUTCTbQdePircb4GDSgg" class="cyc_term">Flat_Topographical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHEvvvHS9EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Playa</a> is the floor of a desert basin with limited drainage. A playa might become the bed of a shallow lake during the rainy season. playa ShelfEdge-Undersea The linear region at the edge of an island shelf or continental shelf, at which there is significant increase in negative slope as the ocean floor drops away to deeper water. shelf edge undersea living thing that is not a genetically engineered organism (CollectionDifferenceFn BiologicalLivingObject GeneticallyEngineeredOrganism) A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrzS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Habitat</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rr8A7NgnoEdqAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">Rookery</a> is a place used for breeding by birds or seals. Rookery rookery A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPG60pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DangerousSituation</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3hz-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalHazard</a> is the collection of natural hazard events, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGXdHdqdFQdeZyeu3p8B-2A" class="cyc_term">HurricaneAsEvent</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwKNzUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mudslide</a>s, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQBYpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Earthquake</a>s and the like. Each instance of this collection is an event that can inflict extensive property damage, injury, or death. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3hz-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalHazard</a> which actually cause significant damage are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvfblKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalDisaster</a>. If the hazards are caused by human action, they are not instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3hz-pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalHazard</a>. NaturalHazard natural hazard A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rjXL9znS-EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">FlatRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1i5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Plain_Topographical</a> is a large area of level, open land. plain Plain-Topographical A place, ostensibly on the surface of a body of water, at which the distance above the reference surface for a tidal datum is known. sounding Sounding TrueContinent A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjp1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandBody</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkLu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Continent</a> (q.v.). The current instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT-n15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TrueContinent</a> (on the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkL_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetEarth</a>) are the four main land masses on the surface of the earth that are surrounded by water: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvODEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EasternContinent</a> (which includes Africa, Asia, and Europe), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHKBVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternContinent</a> (which includes North and South America), <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPRpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAntarctica</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9tl95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ContinentOfAustralia</a>. true continent alluvial deposit at mouth of river, usually threaded by multiple channels Delta delta corrugation in the earth Corrugation-Topographical The collection of topographical features characterized by alternating ridges and grooves. The width of each crevice in a corrugation is significantly less than its length. talus slope TalusSlope A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYQITWHS8EdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">Slope_HighGradient</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r6xve9LrAEdqAAAACs6hnmQ" class="cyc_term">TalusSlope</a> is a steep, concave slope formed by the accumulation of loose rock fragments at the base of a steep slope. weather WeatherEvent A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpjZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicalEvent</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi2eZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WeatherEvent</a> is a meteorological event of some duration, occurring over some spatial region. Some weather events are almost instantaneous (for example, instances of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViTIpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LightningEvent</a>), while others are quite lengthy (for example, instances of the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkBopwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnnualClimateCycle</a>). Spatially, weather events may cover a small locality or a large portion of a continent. aquatic life zone The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s that exist within bodies of fresh or salt water. AquaticLifeZone sulphur spring A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgESBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spring_WaterSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7OE3ALnhEdqAAAACs6hnmQ" class="cyc_term">SulfurSpring</a> is a spring from which a small stream of sulphur ground water flows. SulfurSpring dark albedo feature The collection of all topographical features noted for an albedo (reflectivity of light) significanly darker than the surrounding regions. DarkAlbedoFeature-Topographical An area of high ground from which water flows down to a stream or river. Watershed watershed InlandSea inland sea A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjsPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InlandSea</a> is a large body of salt water (of second rank in relation to an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>) that is entirely, or almost entirely, land-locked. group of nunatak (GroupFn Nunatak) chaparral ecosystem ChaparralEcosystem The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s characterized by chaparral ecology. Instances feature rainfall that averages between 50 and 75 cm. a year, primarily in the winter months, and the soil is stony and relatively infertile. Scrub vegetation predominates. swamp A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvh8GOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WetlandRegion</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVAaWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Forest</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwnxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Swamp</a> is an area characterized by shallow water, vegetation, small patches of dry land, and mud. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwTngeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">USArmyFieldManual5_33VegetationMapCode</a> assigns Swamp-I1 a Vegetation Map Code of (<code><b>I</b></code>). Swamp Strait A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0epwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Channel_BodyOfWaterLink</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViS15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Strait</a> is a naturally-occurring narrow channel that connects two larger bodies of water. strait gap Gap-Topographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPzfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rKcNNdiTeQdeGX8Q4xfdiiQ" class="cyc_term">Gap_Topographical</a> is a low point or opening between hills or mountains, or in a ridge, mountain range, cliff, or other topographical feature. gulf Gulf A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvftLRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater_Large</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkABpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gulf</a> is a part of a sea extending into a land mass. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkABpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gulf</a> include the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjJ8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SaronicGulf</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkIhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GulfOfMexico</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVn5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GulfOfArkangelsk</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkC2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GulfOfCalifornia</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjsY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PersianGulf</a>. Arch-Topographical A natural arch-like opening in a rock mass. Also called a natural bridge. arch promontory Promontory A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwS7huJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Protrusion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMsGZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Promontory</a> is a protrusion of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPuiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandStuff</a> that is elevated above and juts out into a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rXIvUTCTbQdePircb4GDSgg" class="cyc_term">Flat_Topographical</a>. A notable specialization is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Peninsula</a>. animal sting StingingByAnimal The action in which an animal with a stinger pokes it into another animal, in order to injure or kill it. dark large area The collection of all large area topographical features noted for significantly lower albedo than surrounding terrain. DarkLargeArea-Topographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwS7huJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Protrusion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryncJZCTfQdeEidQ7vusDfQ" class="cyc_term">Summit</a> is a prominent elevation above the surrounding level of the Earth's surface. A summit is usually the top of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>. summit Summit TaigaEcosystem The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s characterized by taiga ecology. Instances feature rainfall that normally averages between 20 and 60 cm. a year, with acidic soil. Coniferous forest predominates. taiga ecosystem stream-canalized A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rd8KghqoEEdqAAAAOpmP6tw" class="cyc_term">Stream_Canalized</a> is a natural stream of water which has been significanly modified by deepening, straightening, or installing dikes. Stream-Canalized A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMsGZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Promontory</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Peninsula</a> is a protuberance of a geographic land region into water region. The length of a peninsula exceeds the width of its connecting neck. Peninsula peninsula A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPzfTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Crevice</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViduZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fault_Topographical</a> is a fracture in the Earth's crust in which the adjacent surfaces are displaced with respect to each other in a direction parallel to the fracture. Faults are caused by a shifting or dislodging of the Earth's crust. Energy release during rapid slippage along faults causes earthquakes (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQBYpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Earthquake</a>). geological fault Fault-Topographical ledge Ledge-Topographical A linear, flat, rocky shelf, especially one that projects, as from a wall of rock. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBSfbFMjsQdeA3OwqKh8Y1g" class="cyc_term">Ledge_Topographical</a> can occur on dry land as well as underwater. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEVpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shoreline</a> is a region along an edge of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. <p/> Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEVpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shoreline</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Beach</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCQD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Seacoast</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQtjpJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Riverbank</a>. Shoreline shoreline A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi1YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bay</a> is an inlet of a sea or lake, and is usually smaller than a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkABpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Gulf</a>. Bay bay A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViDMJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cave</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwdrA_rtIEdqAAAACs6hnmQ" class="cyc_term">CaveWithMultiplePortalsToSurface</a> is a cave with at least two openings to the surface. natural tunnel CaveWithMultiplePortalsToSurface natural obstacle NaturalObstacle Archipelago A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7f5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IslandRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj7_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Archipelago</a> is a group of many islands that form a geographical cluster. Examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7u5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ionia</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InnerHebrides_Archipelago</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjBTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SocietyIslands_FrenchPolynesia</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjCFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChannelIslands</a>. archipelago Gut-Topographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMpQ3YiTeQdeDuLKLIg3GJQ" class="cyc_term">Gut_Topographical</a> is a relatively small coastal waterway connecting larger bodies of water or other waterways. gut A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rh28noOGnEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Slope_Vertical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPu77JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Wall_Vertical</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjU5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cliff</a> is a very steep, vertical or overhanging face on a mass of rock, earth, or ice. cliff Cliff LunarTopographicalFeature lunar topographical feature The collection of all lunar topographical features. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviFZcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LunarStuff</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn7CU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvLZkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LunarTopographicalFeature</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a>. lava field Land formations resulting from the consolidation of molten rock on the surface of the Earth. LavaField the union of { valley, shoreline } (CollectionUnionFn (TheSet Valley Shoreline)) mangrove island MangroveIsland A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi7OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Island</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ri_PMka-rEdqVZgDggVbyFw" class="cyc_term">MangroveIsland</a> is a swampy island, surrounded by a body of water, and occupied by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MangroveTree</a>s. dried up lake LakeBed A dried up or drained area of a former lake. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNJ6veMkuEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">NaturalElevation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rr9vWBq63EdqAAAAOpjlAWA" class="cyc_term">Upland</a> is a large region of land away from the sea having a consistently high elevation. A single <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEUypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hill</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a> would not be considered an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rr9vWBq63EdqAAAAOpjlAWA" class="cyc_term">Upland</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a> would not be considered an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rr9vWBq63EdqAAAAOpjlAWA" class="cyc_term">Upland</a>, because it varies too much in elevation. Upland upland snow-covered area A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rw-GR6G01QdeOmLs8ynjLKQ" class="cyc_term">SoftTerrain</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGsf-JG0yQdeSn9ff-q8Raw" class="cyc_term">SnowCoveredArea</a> is a region with a standing layer of snow over it SnowCoveredArea This is the collection of elements of terrain known as karst. These are terrain elements which have been formed chiefly by the dissolving of rock, primarily carbonates such as limestone and evaporites such as salt. Landforms which count as karst include sinkholes, caves, and natural bridges. Karst karst forest A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVAaWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Forest</a> is a region with a high density of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjPdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Tree_ThePlant</a>s. Forest Saddle-TerrainFeature A broad, open pass crossing a ridge or between hills or mountains. saddle The collection of events that involve heavenly bodies, which may or may not be observable from earth. CelestialEvent celestial event InsectBiting insect biting The collection of all instances which are commonly referred to as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi495wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Insect</a>s biting. This collection includes <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn04fJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HavingABloodMeal</a> which is the action done by mosquitoes that results in what is commonly referred to as a mosquito bite, as well as instances of ant bites, flea bites, etc. Seacoast A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEVpZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shoreline</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCQD5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Seacoast</a> is the edge of a land mass where it adjoins a sea or ocean. A seacoast might consist of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Beach</a>, tidal flats, rocks, or glaciers. coastline Regio-Planetary planetary regio A collection of topographical features. Each element of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvfFawpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Regio_Planetary</a> is a large geographical region with a significantly different <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwUho1JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AlbedoFeature_Topographical</a> than the surrounding terrain. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruPw7jCTVQdeI1qUMHt4iEw" class="cyc_term">Bend_Topographical</a> is a curved section in the course of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a>. bend Bend-Topographical Caldera A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMdwrBAMxQdiaCcmY2DgFlw" class="cyc_term">Depression_Topographical</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwpjBYCTaQdeX6tnlJ2iTWg" class="cyc_term">Caldera</a> is a large depression (typically measuring several kilometers across) formed by the collapse of a volcanic mountain or by a volcanic explosion. caldera Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIUUBBBWAEdqAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">SaltLake</a> is a body of standing water that is inland (so is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a>), and is filled with (though possibly intermittently) with salt water. salt lake SaltLake Bank-Topographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rqKcF-iTVQdefD8zuIYgMZQ" class="cyc_term">Bank_Topographical</a> is an elevation, either at the edge of a stream (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8fYsMJgLQdmLEpsEEhz2cQ" class="cyc_term">Streambank</a>) or underwater (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwwlvBpgJQdmXdZlNhDyY7w" class="cyc_term">Shoal</a>). bank whirlpool in a stream (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromTypeFn (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromTypeFn BodyOfWater geographicalSubRegions Stream) eventOccursAt WhirlingOfFluid) flow terrain that is a sub-path of some arroyo (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromTypeFn FlowTerrain subPaths DryCreekBed) cutoff Cutoff A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r35-YRJKVQdmKwIXakc9wLA" class="cyc_term">Channel_WaterPath</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rZFDdmim7QdiJ0JtTcg0Ipw" class="cyc_term">Cutoff</a> is a relatively new channel that cuts across and joins two points of a meandering stream (e.g. across the neck of an oxbow). (GroupFn RiftValley) group of rift valley A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruaZObLgpEdmAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">Heath</a> is an upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. heath Heath AlluvialFan alluvial fan A fan-shaped wedge of coarse alluvium with apex merging with a mountain stream bed and the fan spreading out at a low angle slope onto an adjacent plain. desert ecosystem The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s characterized by high desert ecology. Instances feature rainfall that is usually less than 25 cm. a year, with sandy soil. Cacti and and other low-water-adapted vegetation predominate. DesertEcosystem Waterhole A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjTaJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Pond</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rKnXZLo95EdqAAAAH6Q2Zvw" class="cyc_term">Waterhole</a> are small holes, hollows or depressions containing water. Such water sources are of great importance to wildlife as well as humans and livestock in arid regions. waterhole An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsToAdu0OQdeJiPmVIZ9JIw" class="cyc_term">TerrainTypeBySurfaceLevel</a>. Flat ground terrain is the terrain that is neither <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHQ9cu0OQdeFY6cQCWHUBA" class="cyc_term">TerrainHighGround</a> nor <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rxX6p7O0OQdeXqZjCrR0jsg" class="cyc_term">TerrainLowGround</a>. When traversing <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryAOMbu0OQdeZa_V-0l9r-w" class="cyc_term">TerrainFlatGround</a>, one will not encounter any significant positive or negative slope. TerrainFlatGround flat ground Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rdEqJ-K62EdqAAAAOpjlAWA" class="cyc_term">PartiallyUndergroundStream</a> is a stream or river which for one or more sections does not flow above ground, but flows below the surface, possibly reappearing further downstream, possibly not. lost river PartiallyUndergroundStream GrasslandPrairieEcosystem The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s characterized by grassland prairie ecology. Instances feature rainfall that normally averages between 10 and 60 cm. a year, and the soil is of good quality. Sod-forming grasses predominate. grassland prairie ecosystem shield volcano ShieldVolcano A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Volcano</a> (q.v.) Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rH6ADSDPGEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">ShieldVolcano</a> is a wide volcano with shallow sloping sides. Such volcanoes are characterized lava flows with low viscosity. loch A sub-collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a>. Each instance is a Scottish lake. Loch-Lake WetlandRegion The collection of all portions of wetland. A type of ecological region in the set of ?ECOTONE such that some ecosystem is not some other ecosystem ?ECOSYSTEM2 and ?ECOTONE is geographic border between that ecosystem and ?ECOSYSTEM2, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn7CU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvh8GOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WetlandRegion</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a>. wetland The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s characterized by tropical rainforest ecology. Instances feature rainfall that normally averages between 200 and 400 cm. a year, and the soil is of relatively poor quality. Characteristic vegetation includes tall trees with few lower limbs, vines, and epiphytes. TropicalRainforestEcosystem tropical rainforest ecosystem blowout-topographical Blowout-Topographical A small depression in sandy terrain, caused by wind erosion. rugged terrain RuggedTerrain The collection of all rough terrain. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn7CU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalThing</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjGtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RuggedTerrain</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rlM55WnSuEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">RegionTypeByTerrain</a>, an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>, a <font color="#ff0000">#$TerrainCollection</font>, and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a>. planetary crust The collection of all planetary crusts. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPuiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandStuff</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn7CU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWFdZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlanetCrust</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a> and an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVny6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExistingStuffType</a>. PlanetCrust sand bar A natural accumulation of sand, gravel, or alluvium forming an underwater embankment that may be partially exposed. A shallow ridge or mound of coarse unconsolidated material in a stream channel, at the mouth of a stream, estuary, or lagoon and in the wave-break zone along coasts. Bar-Topographical cove Cove The collection of all coves. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi1YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bay</a>. The concept <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rG28AGiTbQdeR8YLno_5fww" class="cyc_term">Cove</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rrwTJ-v7BEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">WaterBodyConcept</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjghZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocationTypeByWeather</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjK-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SunnyArea</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> where the weather is sunny. SunnyArea sunny location A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn7CU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalThing</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw" class="cyc_term">BloodPlasma</a> is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TangibleStuffCompositionType</a>. BloodPlasma blood plasma geological basin Basin-Topographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMdwrBAMxQdiaCcmY2DgFlw" class="cyc_term">Depression_Topographical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Basin</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Basin_Topographical</a> is a bowl-shaped depression in the surface of the land or the ocean floor. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DegreeOfCloudiness</a> and specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjhiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ClearWeatherArea</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjh9JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CloudlessArea</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> that has no cloud cover. cloudless location CloudlessArea Bodies of water which are substantial in some sense. For example, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPKnNpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Puddle</a> or a small <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViptpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Creek</a> are not substantial bodies of water, but <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjktpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ocean</a>s and many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a>s are. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvftLRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater_Large</a> tends to be permanent, not seasonal (though there are exceptions). Large bodies of water count as water area in geographical calculations, while non-large bodies of water do not. large body of water BodyOfWater-Large A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjQ2pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Isthmus</a> is a narrow strip of land that has bodies of water on either side, and which connects two larger bodies of land. isthmus Isthmus cloudy area CloudyArea An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjghZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocationTypeByWeather</a> and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CloudyArea</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> that has at least some cloud cover, and this cloud cover is not located exclusively at ground-level (in which case the location would be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjl-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">FoggyArea</a> instead). ridge-hill A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-vI_5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ridge</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEUypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hill</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruLFjFCTfQdeUtdRDT1nAmQ" class="cyc_term">Ridge_Hill</a> is a hill with a linearly extended crest and two slopes to either side. The top of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruLFjFCTfQdeUtdRDT1nAmQ" class="cyc_term">Ridge_Hill</a>, i.e. the vertex of the two slopes, is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYI-wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RidgeLine_Topographical</a>. Ridge-Hill underwater topographical feature A collection of geographical regions and a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnderwaterLocation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rof0FHLgpEdmAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UnderwaterTopographicalFeature</a> is a region of land under a body of water and is distinguishable from surrounding regions by salient physical differences in surface texture, three-dimensional shape, or elevation. UnderwaterTopographicalFeature A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a>. Each landscape is an area of landforms that can be viewed by a perceptual agent, or can be represented visually in a landscape image (c.f., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQBe0ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandscapeImage</a>). landscape Landscape meteor The collection of all streaks of light formed when <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv24zJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Meteoroid</a>s pass through the atmosphere. Meteor A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a> is a topographical feature of significantly higher elevation than its surrounding area. Mountains may occur individually or as part of a chain (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a>). Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViQU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountEverest</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj3PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountLogan</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwAT-T5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Kebnekaise_Sweden</a>. <p/> See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjlL5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MountainRange</a>. mountain Mountain A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjORZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj225wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EdgeOnObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYI-wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">RidgeLine_Topographical</a> is the top edge of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ruLFjFCTfQdeUtdRDT1nAmQ" class="cyc_term">Ridge_Hill</a> (q.v.). A ridgeline is a vertex of two or more adjoining slopes of terrain from which (if the ridge on on dry land) water begins to flow in opposite direction. RidgeLine-Topographical ridge line Lagoon A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjz9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lagoon</a> is a shallow body of water that is connected to a larger body of water, but separated from it (e.g. by sandbars or coral reefs). lagoon The collection of regular, species-linked movements of an animal or group of animals from one place to another, usually with a return to the starting point after a certain period of time. In some species, the migration cycle occurs once in a lifetime, while others migrate annually on a seasonal basis. Migration is typically linked with an animal's reproductive cycle (as in salmon), but may also involve seasonal relocation to a more hospitable climate and/or more plentiful food supply. For example, many birds exhibit seasonal migration; e.g., native Northeastern U.S. birds that spend their winters in the Southern U.S. migration AnimalMigration deciduous forest ecosystem DeciduousForestEcosystem The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s characterized by deciduous forest ecology. Instances feature rainfall that normally averages between 75 and 250 cm. a year, and the soil is rich and exhibits a high organic content. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Volcano</a> (q.v.) Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryvwmwjPGEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CinderCone</a> is volcano that extrudes mainly scoria and pyroclastics that build up around the vent. CinderCone cinder cone trough Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rSKVrDK6rEdqAAAAOpjlAWA" class="cyc_term">Trough_Topographical</a> is a long, narrow depression in a planetary surface, not any deeper than wide, especially with relatively steep sides and flat bottom, but less steep and deep than a trench. Trough-Topographical Desert desert A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjreZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Desert</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a> that receives little precipitation, by fiat less than 200 mm per year. Desert soil is often composed mostly of sand, and sand dunes may be present. Exposures of rocky terrain are typical, and reflect minimal soil development and sparse vegetation. The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s characterized by a tundra ecology. Instances feature rainfall that averages less than 25 cm. a year, and the soil is permafrost. Bryophytes and lichens predominate. TundraEcosystem tundra ecosystem An <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rJTm1RIIwEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">OxbowLake</a> is a crescent-shaped <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi4IpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lake</a> (often temporary) that is formed when a meander of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a> is cut off from the main channel. oxbow lake OxbowLake intermittent body of water in a wet phase Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rU3UIGhTtEdqAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater_Intermittent_WetPhase</a> is a region which often is inundated with a relatively large volume of stationary or flowing water, and which in fact has water present at the time it is known to be a member of this collection. BodyOfWater-Intermittent-WetPhase spur Spur-Topographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHQ9cu0OQdeFY6cQCWHUBA" class="cyc_term">TerrainHighGround</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn7CU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalThing</a>. Instances of this collection are those lower elevated ridges of rock jutting out into a valley or plain. interfluve Interfluve A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNJ6veMkuEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">NaturalElevation</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r0eG-kq-oEdqVZQDggVbyFw" class="cyc_term">Interfluve</a> is the region of higher elevation between two adjacent valleys or streams that drain in the same direction. keld Keld A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rB-1yvoLfEdqAAAACs6hnlQ" class="cyc_term">Keld</a>s are deep, relatively still areas in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">River</a>s. extinct volcano A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Volcano</a> (q.v.) Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rdcqnjjPJEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">ExtinctVolcano</a> is a volcano that is no longer expected to erupt. ExtinctVolcano Fjord fiord Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fjord</a> is an arm of the sea characterized by sheer parallel walls often extending far below the water surface and by many branches. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViGYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fjord</a>s are found where the land next to the sea is mountainous, usually at high latitudes. time of year A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjxSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnnualEventType</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rly0vooUgEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">QualitativeTimeOfYear</a> is a celestial event, such as an equinox (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rPaIBHoUhEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Equinox</a>) or a solstice (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQ5N1JoUhEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Solstice</a>). Such celestial events are readily qualitatively distiguished from the rest of the year. QualitativeTimeOfYear perma frost region A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViACZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeographicalRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV83uJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PermaFrostRegion</a> has a layer of permanently frozen ground insulated by a shallow layer of soil that thaws during the spring and summer. PermaFrostRegion Geyser geyser A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQY8ZfoPDEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">HotSpring</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgETPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Geyser</a> is a spring that periodically emits steam and hot water. The water has been heated to boiling underground by lava, and is then forced up through the hole in the ground. terra Terra-Planetary The collection of all topographical features on extra-terrestrial planetary bodies of extremely large size distingished by abrupt and clearly delineated boundaries, that is generally of higher altitude than the surrounding topographical features. Continents, large islands, bulges rising above the 'datum' of planetary bodies are all elements of this collection. Examples include Ishtar Terra on Planet Venus and Tempa Terra on Planet Mars, etc. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwS7huJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Protrusion</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIp032uHpEdmAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">VerticalProtrusion_Topographical</a> is a natural, upward protrusion from the surrounding part of the Earth's surface. Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgEUypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Hill</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjODZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Mountain</a>. VerticalProtrusion-Topographical vertical protrusion topographical (SubcollectionOfWithRelationFromTypeFn GeographicalRegion pathTerminus DryCreekBed) geographical region that is the end of some arroyo A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ry9iuUrqgEdqAAAACs6hnmQ" class="cyc_term">Sill_TerrainFeature</a> is the low part of a saddle (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRT_9eAAcQdiXnYzX-YgaaQ" class="cyc_term">Saddle_TerrainFeature</a>) separating basins (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjzyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Basin_Topographical</a>). Sill-TerrainFeature sill headland A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMsGZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Promontory</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryjTUsqrKEdqAAAAOpmP6tw" class="cyc_term">Headland</a> is a high bluff that jutts out into a large body of water. Headland A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> which subsumes areas illuminated directly or indirectly by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjfe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Moonlight</a>. area illuminated by moonlight AreaIlluminatedByMoonlight involuntary bodily function BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjz2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent</a>. Each specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVn3Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent_Involuntary</a> is a type of event each instance of which is done without conscious volition. Consequently, in each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVn3Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent_Involuntary</a>, the `doer' of the event is a non-deliberate actor in that event (see the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvV5E85wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">nonDeliberateActors</a>). Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVn3Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodilyFunctionEvent_Involuntary</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InvoluntaryBodyMovement</a>, <font color="#ff0000">#$Bleeding</font>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjR2JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ExperiencingHunger</a>. A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8Um55IFzEdqAAAACs6hnlQ" class="cyc_term">Inlet</a> are narrow waterways extending into the land, or connecting a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi1YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Bay</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjz9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Lagoon</a> with a larger body of water. Inlet inlet Blowhole-Topographical A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. blowhole-topographical BrightAlbedoFeature-Topographical bright albedo feature The collection of all topographical features noted for an albedo (reflectivity of light) significanly brighter than the surrounding regions. area illuminated by starlight A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> which subsumes areas illuminated by starlight. AreaIlluminatedByStarlight BodyOfWater-Intermittent-DryPhase A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rUJF2khTtEdqAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater_Intermittent</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsZWSuP_rEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater_Dry</a> (qq.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rUpHR5BTtEdqAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater_Intermittent_DryPhase</a> is a region that is often inundated with a relatively large volume of stationary or flowing water, but which has virtually no water present at the current time. intermittent body of water in a dry phase The collection of all topographical features noted for significantly lower albedo than surrounding terrain. dark spot DarkSpot-Topographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwMsGZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Promontory</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rK-Hh7KogEdqAAAAOpmP6tw" class="cyc_term">Promontory_OverLand</a> is a prominent hill or bluff that overlooks and possibly jutts out into a lowland. promontory over land Promontory-OverLand Reach-Topographical reach-topographical A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViE_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BodyOfWater</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r4otFtgnnEdqAAAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">Reach_Topographical</a> is a long and straight section in the course of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkHdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Stream</a>. A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r8sQBHoLFEdqAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">SaltFlat</a> is a shallow basin or flat where salt accumulates after periodic inundation or the evaporation of a intermittent body of water. SaltFlat salt flat TropicalRainForest A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwVAaWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Forest</a>. Each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFq7W5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TropicalRainForest</a> is an area of dense forest located in the tropics and characterized by high annual rainfall and continuous high temperature. Up to three tree layers grow above a variable shrub layer. Source: <i>The Times Atlas of the World (1995).</i> tropical rain forest HotSpring hot spring A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgESBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Spring_WaterSource</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQY8ZfoPDEdaAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">HotSpring</a> is a place from which a small stream of fresh water, warmed geothermally underground, flows. The collection of all ocean trenches. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnderwaterLocation</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn7CU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjOh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LandTopographicalFeature</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj0vpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OceanTrench</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rp8poI7hSEdqbdQDggVbyFw" class="cyc_term">UnderseaTerrainFeatureType</a> and a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a>. OceanTrench ocean trench Bank-Underwater Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryIAxShTIEdqAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">Bank_Underwater</a> is an elevated area, usually on a shelf. Though shallower than surrounding areas, the depth of water over a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ryIAxShTIEdqAAAACs6hfSg" class="cyc_term">Bank_Underwater</a> is usually sufficient for most surface vessels to pass. For shallower areas, see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwwlvBpgJQdmXdZlNhDyY7w" class="cyc_term">Shoal</a>. underwater bank GustyArea An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjghZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocationTypeByWeather</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViqKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GustyArea</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> in which the wind is subject to sudden changes in direction and intensity. blustery location oasis Oasis A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">EcologicalRegion</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPKaz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Oasis</a> is a small fertile region surrounded by a more arid <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjreZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Desert</a> region. ecosystem Ecosystem This is the collection of ecosystems. An ecosystem is a particular region in which organisms live, together with the interrelations between these organisms and the relations between these organisms and their physical environment. stratovolcano Stratovolcano A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Volcano</a> (q.v.) Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rU1HXyjPGEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">Stratovolcano</a> is a tall conical volcano caused by the subduction of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv-KysZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TectonicPlate</a>s. Active stratovolcanoes are characterized by frequent eruptions, with highly viscous lava flows that harden quickly. mountain pass Pass-Geographical a passage through an topographical obstruction (e.g., mountains) mangrove swamp A type of wetland region, each instance of which is occupied by many <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MangroveTree</a>s. MangroveSwamp Draw-Topographical draw The collection of all draws. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rlPnqHO0SQdeG8JKGfllsLg" class="cyc_term">MinorTerrainFeature</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvn7CU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NaturalThing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rxX6p7O0OQdeXqZjCrR0jsg" class="cyc_term">TerrainLowGround</a>. The collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rt7QVxgMwQdiJvtc6JMmHjA" class="cyc_term">Draw_Topographical</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3DIuwO0OQdeFmbzex52KAQ" class="cyc_term">MilitaryMinorTerrainType</a>, a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rummjkLHtEdmAAAACs6hO_g" class="cyc_term">NaturalFeatureType</a>, and an <font color="#ff0000">#$RKF-SME-TerrainType</font>. Sound-BodyOfWater a long, broad inlet of the ocean, generally parallel to the coast; a long passage connecting 2 large bodies of water or passing between an island and the mainland sound area illuminated by sunlight A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVixhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OutdoorLocation</a> which subsumes areas illuminated directly or indirectly by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Sunlight</a>. AreaIlluminatedBySunlight Biome biome The collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UD6pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ecosystem</a>s that exist on dry land (islands or continental land masses). Ejecta A possibly discontinuous mass of planetary stuff ejected violently from another topographical feature. Typically, ejecta are those pieces of planetary stuff ejected by an impact event or the explosion of a volcano. ejecta The collection of topographical features where each element is a very large dark area on Earth's moon. lunar oceanus Oceanus-Lunar IndividualTypeByNaturalnessStatus individual type by naturalness status Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI NaturalThing natural thing The notoriously hard to define collection of &quot;natural&quot; things. An individual is an instance of this collection if it is itself an individual or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> that occurs in nature, i.e., not as a result of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>'s (or group thereof) intentions to modify the environment, or else is an individual that is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> that is itself natural. NaturalThing natural thing The notoriously hard to define collection of &quot;natural&quot; things. An individual is an instance of this collection if it is itself an individual or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> that occurs in nature, i.e., not as a result of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>'s (or group thereof) intentions to modify the environment, or else is an individual that is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> that is itself natural. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString NaturalThing natural thing The notoriously hard to define collection of &quot;natural&quot; things. An individual is an instance of this collection if it is itself an individual or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYjIS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Situation</a> that occurs in nature, i.e., not as a result of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>'s (or group thereof) intentions to modify the environment, or else is an individual that is the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a> of an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a> that is itself natural. quotedIsa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDeDIGEW0EdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raOoTci9qEdma4AACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is &quot;implicitly quoted&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHb_bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <b>THING</b> <b>EXPR-TYPE</b>)</code> does <i>not</i> mean that <code><b>THING</b></code> itself is an instance of <code><b>EXPR-TYPE</b></code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular <i>CycL expression</i> appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code><b>EXPR-TYPE</b></code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). <p/> This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is <i>not</i> a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an <i>explicitly</i> quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) <font color="#ff0000">#$PublicConstant</font>). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. <p/> For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an <i>open</i> expression, see the accompanying <font color="#ff0000">#$cyclistNotes</font>. Quoted Isa <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> is the collection of all individuals: things that are <i>not</i> sets or collections. Individuals might be concrete or abstract, and include (among other things) physical objects, events, numbers, relations, and groups. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> might have parts or structure (including discontinuous parts); but <i>no</i> individual has elements or subsets (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwGWaK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">elementOf</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvZA-05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">subsetOf</a>). Thus, an individual that has parts (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj-BJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">groupMembers</a>) is <i>not</i> the same thing as either the set or the collection containing those same parts. For example, your car is an individual, but the collection of all the parts of your car is not an individual but an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>. This collection (unlike the car itself) is abstract: it doesn't have a location, mass, or a top speed; but it does have instances, subcollections, and supercollections. In partial contrast, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> (q.v.) of parts of your car (while also not the same thing as the car itself) <i>is</i> an individual that has location and mass. Another example: A given company, the group consisting of all the company's employees, the collection of those employees, and the set of those employees are four distinct things, and only the first two are individuals. Individual individual wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name WordNetWorkflowConstant-NotFullyReviewed word net workflow constant not fully reviewed The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvzSRxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLConstant</a>s created from the import of concepts from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtfZxnO-3QdibF4NWtMhnaQ" class="cyc_term">WordNet_Version2_0</a> that have not yet been fully reviewed by a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanCyclist</a>.