]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. CardiacArrhythmia cardiac arrhythmia The collection of instances of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> in which one has odd alterations from one's regular heartbeat. The condition may be medically innocuous. abnormal heartbeat more irregular irregular heartbeat variation abnormal rhythm dysrhythmia abnormal heart rhythm abnormal rhythms cardiac arrhythmias abnormal heart rhythms heartbeat variants rhythm disturbance disturbances in heartbeat arrhythmia abnormal heart beats abnormal heartbeats rhythm disturbances heartbeat variations abnormal heart beat most irregular irregular heartbeats irregular heartbeat disturbance in heartbeat heartbeat variant

Cardiac arrhythmia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_arrhythmia PrematureVentricularContraction premature ventricular contraction cardiac flutter CardiacFlutter A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rymAAls5WEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CardiacFlutter</a> is a condition afflicting a region of the heart in which that region beats regularly and rapidly. Contrast this collection with the similar <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsKVcPM5WEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CardiacFibrillation</a>, which is characterized by a heartbeat that is irregular and possibly rapid. cardiac fibrillation CardiacFibrillation A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rsKVcPM5WEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CardiacFibrillation</a> is a condition afflicting a region of the heart in which that region beats irregularly and possibly rapidly. Contrast this collection with the similar <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rymAAls5WEduAAAACs6hRXg" class="cyc_term">CardiacFlutter</a>, which is characterized by a heartbeat that is regular and rapid. other arrhythmia OtherArrhythmia AcuteArrhythmia acute arrhythmia 3rd degree AV block 3rdDegreeAVBlock history history of cardiac arrest CardiacArrhythmia-HistoryOfCardiacArrest A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwRll5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CardiacArrhythmia</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rMCD6WpYrEd2AAABQjYGu0g" class="cyc_term">GallopRhythm</a> is a rhythm of heart beats in which the two ordinary beats (which constitute the familiar "lub-dub" pattern) known as S1 and S2 are accompanied by one or two additional beats. Depending on where the occur in the cycle, these additional beats are known as either S3 or S4. GallopRhythm gallop rhythm CardiacSinusRhythm sinus heart rhythm VentricularArrhythmia ventricular arrhythmia FibrillationOrFlutter fibrillation or flutter fibrillation flutter tachycardia or heart block FibrillationFlutterTachycardiaOrHeartBlock pacemaker insertion, Arrhythmia or heart block ArrhythmiaOrHeartBlockOrPacemakerInsertion paced rhythm Paced-HeartRhythm GeneticArrhythmia genetic arrhythmia The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwRll5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CardiacArrhythmia</a>s that are genetic in nature, or have a substantial genetic component. AVBlock A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rbgvlIao6EduQrwACs5b6Bw" class="cyc_term">HeartBlock</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rquB2wKgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw" class="cyc_term">AVBlock</a> is a heart block that occurs within the atrioventricular node of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>. AV block ChronicArrhythmia chronic arrhythmia ThirdDegreeAvBlock third degree atrioventricular block AtrialArrhythmia atrial arrhythmia junctional cardiac arrhythmia CardiacArrhythmia-Junctional AtrialFlutter-Paroxysmal intermittent atrial flutter CompleteHeartBlock complete heart block HeartBlock-NotComplete incomplete heart block permanent cardiac arrhythmia PermanentCardiacArrhythmia cardiac arrhythmia CardiacArrhythmia The collection of instances of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> in which one has odd alterations from one's regular heartbeat. The condition may be medically innocuous. type of atemporal collection in which membership is necessarily essential AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType A collection of collections. Each instance <code>COL</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rqEYnNVMqEdaSKAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType</a> (ANECT) is a collection satisfying three conditions: (1) <code>COL</code> is disjoint with (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">disjointWith</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, (2) every instance <code>INST</code> of <code>COL</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code> essentially (i.e. <code>INST</code> is an instance of <code>COL</code>, and could not exist without being an instance of <code>COL</code>), and (3) condition (2) is a necessary truth about <code>COL</code>. Positive examples of ANECTs include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Collection</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Integer</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Relation</a> (each of which is a collection of atemporals and is such that, necessarily, all of its instances are in it essentially). Negative examples include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjpUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpatialThing</a> (though arguably it is necessary that all of its instances are essentially instances of it, it is not disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>) and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP4FM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UniqueAnatomicalPartType</a> (which, though disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a>, has instances, such as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Heart</a>, that could exist even if they weren't instances of it; e.g. it might have been the case that every creature with a heart had at least two hearts). There are no known examples of Cyc-reified collections satisfying conditions (1) and (2) but not (3), but one can be contrived. Suppose that all of today's winning lottery numbers were primes. Now consider the collection: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrhK-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionUnionFn</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjkdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TheSet</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjrdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PrimeNumber</a> TodaysWinningLotteryNumbers)) This collection is clearly disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAxJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalThing</a> and, by hypothesis, all of its instances are in it essentially (as each prime number is essentially a prime number). But this last fact is not necessarily true of this collection: the collection might have had instances that belonged to it only contingently (i.e. not essentially), as it might have been the case that one of today's winning lottery numbers was non-prime, and no number is such that it is essentially one of today's winning lottery numbers. When asserting that something is an instance or specialization of a given instance of ANECT, it is appropriate to do so in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3_SgQU2iEdaCwAACs0x8nw" class="cyc_term">UniversalVocabularyMt</a> (q.v.). Indeed, ANECT was specially defined to facilitate the movement of appropriate assertions to that microtheory. Cf. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGeylLJTfEdqAAAACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">PragmaticallyDecontextualizedCollection</a>. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL cardiac arrhythmia CardiacArrhythmia The collection of instances of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> in which one has odd alterations from one's regular heartbeat. The condition may be medically innocuous. nonvalvular heart disease HeartDisease-NonValvular cardiac arrhythmia CardiacArrhythmia The collection of instances of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> in which one has odd alterations from one's regular heartbeat. The condition may be medically innocuous. The collection of all heart conditions. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwYVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AilmentCondition</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQr9o5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HeartCondition</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwW_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalConditionType</a>. heart disease HeartCondition type of ailment A collection of collections. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwW_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalConditionType</a> is a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQw4WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalCondition</a> (q.v.), and thus a type of physiological state into which some organisms can enter. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwW_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysiologicalConditionType</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1qGpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Cancer</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1baJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PsychologicalAilment</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQwvf5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Infection</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvgC7mJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Malnutrition</a>. PhysiologicalConditionType wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name