]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. the New York Stock Exchange NewYorkStockExchange The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyfXWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkStockExchange</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8fT0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StockExchange</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNewYorkNY</a>. It was incorporated in 1971. Members of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyfXWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkStockExchange</a>, or the NYSE, are said to have 'seats' on the exchange. Seats are treated as property rights, that is, they can be bought and sold. Only those who have a seat on the NYSE can trade on it. The NYSE was begun in 1792 by the Buttonwood Agreement. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

New York Stock Exchange

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange A specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViSlZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LegalCorporation</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViu6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitOrganization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVida5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitCorporation</a> is a legal corporation which is engaged in not-for-profit activities. Typical instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVida5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitCorporation</a> have no shareholders or owners, although they are commonly governed by a board (see the collection <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkI1ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardOfDirectors</a>). Most instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVida5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitCorporation</a> have official non-profit standing with a government, and thus do not pay corporate income taxes. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVida5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NonProfitCorporation</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwB_sm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlannedParenthood</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjRFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SierraClub</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLddX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HabitatForHumanity</a>. non-profit corporation NonProfitCorporation Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString quotedIsa A binary <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rDeDIGEW0EdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">MetaLanguagePredicate</a> (q.v.) that relates CycL expressions to the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4raOoTci9qEdma4AACs1uxFw" class="cyc_term">SubLExpressionType</a>s (q.v.) of which they are instances. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is thus like a restricted version of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (q.v.), but with one important difference: the first argument-place of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is "implicitly quoted" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHb_bZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">quotedArgument</a>). So a ground atomic sentence of the form <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> THING EXPR-TYPE)</code> does not mean that <code>THING</code> itself is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Rather, such a sentence is partly self-referential, and means that the particular CycL expression appearing in the sentence's own first argument-position is an instance of <code>EXPR-TYPE</code>. Thus, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> provides a convenient shorthand for stating certain things that would otherwise require explicit quotation (or some other device for naming expressions). This is better illustrated with a specific example. Suppose we wish to state that the CycL constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code> is an instance of the CycL expression type #$PublicConstant. We cannot express this with the straightforward <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant)</code>, as that states the falsehood that the IndianOcean itself -- which is not a constant but a body of water -- is a public constant. But we can express precisely what we want like this: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a> #$PublicConstant) . </pre> Now <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4oJWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MacroRelation</a> (q.v.), and by its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjg7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">expansion</a> any given <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> sentence is equivalent to some <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> sentence with an explicitly quoted first argument. The sentence displayed above turns out to be equivalent to: <pre> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>) #$PublicConstant). </pre> But the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version has two related practical advantages over the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version. First, the former is syntactically simpler than the latter. Second, the simpler syntax of the former makes it easier to browse in the Knowedge Base: while the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> version is conveniently indexed under the KB Browser page for the constant <code><a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a></code>, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> version would apparently be indexed under a separate, brand new page for the term <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgGBbEkNuEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">Quote</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViH35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndianOcean</a>)</code>. Generalizing the point, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a> lets us avoid having potentially to double the number of pages currently in the browser. For the semantically more complicated (but rarely encountered) case in which <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rBVVEokNxEdaAAACgydogAg" class="cyc_term">quotedIsa</a>'s first argument-place is filled with an open expression, see the accompanying #$cyclistNotes. Quoted Isa Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL the New York Stock Exchange NewYorkStockExchange The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyfXWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkStockExchange</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8fT0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StockExchange</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNewYorkNY</a>. It was incorporated in 1971. Members of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyfXWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkStockExchange</a>, or the NYSE, are said to have 'seats' on the exchange. Seats are treated as property rights, that is, they can be bought and sold. Only those who have a seat on the NYSE can trade on it. The NYSE was begun in 1792 by the Buttonwood Agreement. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQf_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CycLTerm</a> that denote concepts that are prevalent in the Motley Fool UK corpus. (See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rSNbynjmGQdmSBOkWSuTs_Q" class="cyc_term">MotleyFoolUK_Website</a>, which comprises the corpus.) PrevalentInMotleyFoolUKCorpus prevalent in motley fool UK corpus the New York Stock Exchange NewYorkStockExchange The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyfXWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkStockExchange</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8fT0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StockExchange</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNewYorkNY</a>. It was incorporated in 1971. Members of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyfXWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkStockExchange</a>, or the NYSE, are said to have 'seats' on the exchange. Seats are treated as property rights, that is, they can be bought and sold. Only those who have a seat on the NYSE can trade on it. The NYSE was begun in 1792 by the Buttonwood Agreement. the New York Stock Exchange NewYorkStockExchange The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyfXWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkStockExchange</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8fT0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StockExchange</a> based in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVivC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CityOfNewYorkNY</a>. It was incorporated in 1971. Members of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyfXWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">NewYorkStockExchange</a>, or the NYSE, are said to have 'seats' on the exchange. Seats are treated as property rights, that is, they can be bought and sold. Only those who have a seat on the NYSE can trade on it. The NYSE was begun in 1792 by the Buttonwood Agreement. StockExchange A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Organization</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8fT0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StockExchange</a> is an organization that provides or maintains a marketplace (or marketplaces) where securities, options, futures, or commodities can be traded. Examples of such organizations in the UnitedStates include the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, and NASDAQ. stock exchange wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name