]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. board game BoardGame A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a>. All instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwATRDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardGame</a> are specifications of the rules and equipment required for playing certain games using specially designed boards. board games

Board game

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_game http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-board_game-noun-1 Yahtzee Yahtzee-TheGame All instances of a modern board game based on pachisi (an ancient board game resembling backgammon; played on a cross-shaped board). Parcheesi Parcheesi Pictionary-BoardGame Pictionary All the instances of the Pictionary board game, in which one tries to guess words and phrases on the basis of pictures drawn by teammates. Mah-jong Mahjong All instances of a Chinese game played by 4 people with 144 tiles All instances of a board game for two players; pieces move according to throws of the dice. Backgammon Backgammon All instances of a (trademarked) game in which words are formed from letters in patterns similar to a crossword puzzle Scrabble Scrabble ShovelBoard shovel board All instances of a game in which coins or discs are slid by hand across a board toward a mark (British). Note that this game is distinct from 'shuffleboard', which uses sticks to slide disks down a court. All instances of a board game in which players try to conquer the world by attacking other players' armies by rolling dice. Whoever controls Australia usually wins. Risk-TheBoardGame Risk A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwATRDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardGame</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rXLAPIJh0EdieTwADR6QijQ" class="cyc_term">TrivialPursuit_TheGame</a> is a board game in which answers trivia questions in one of several categories. Trivial Pursuit TrivialPursuit-TheGame All instances of a board game in which each player tries to move a set of marbles through a set of holes from one point of a six-pointed star to the opposite point Chinese checkers ChineseCheckers checkers Checkers All instances of a checkerboard game for two players who each have 12 pieces; the object is to jump over and so capture the opponent's pieces A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwATRDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardGame</a> for two players who place counters on a grid; the object is to surround and so capture the opponent's counters. The <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a> originated and is especially popular in East Asia. Go Go-TheGame A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwATRDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardGame</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv1dlJpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Monopoly_TheGame</a> is a board game in which players try to gain a monopoly on real estate as pieces advance around a board according to the throw of a die. Monopoly-TheGame Monopoly chess Chess: a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwATRDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardGame</a>. Chess All instances of a game in which numbered balls are drawn and random and players cover the correponding numbers on their cards bingo BingoGame Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI type of temporally stuff-like thing TemporalStuffType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. BoardGame board game A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a>. All instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwATRDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardGame</a> are specifications of the rules and equipment required for playing certain games using specially designed boards. BoardGame board game A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a>. All instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwATRDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardGame</a> are specifications of the rules and equipment required for playing certain games using specially designed boards. BoardGame board game A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a>. All instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwATRDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BoardGame</a> are specifications of the rules and equipment required for playing certain games using specially designed boards. ObjectType type of object The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. game A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkzeeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedStructuredActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a> is an abstraction of a game that is played according to a semi-rigid set of rules. Each instance includes both the rules (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwF89YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameRulesFn</a>) and a specification of any physical components required for play (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjN5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameBoard</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjqGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Ball</a>, etc.). Neither <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViADZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Event</a>s of playing games (instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjrZ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PlayingAGame</a>) nor any physical components required for play (e.g. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjN5JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GameBoard</a>s) are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkS9GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Game</a>. Game The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name