]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. computer program A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is a deliberately created abstract object composed of propositions that together constitute a list of instructions for computers to execute. Example instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjYUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Emacs_TheProgram</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviFn3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinuxKernel_TheProgram</a>. Instances of this collection are distinct from computer code and from both running and installed programs. The instructions that comprise an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> can be expressed as abstract computer code (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a>), but no list of instructions expressed in code constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. Rather, the code in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is expressed constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> that can be related to the program it expresses using the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu7HHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programCode</a>. More than one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a> can express the same instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>; for example, a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> can be written in source code (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rva7pXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Source</a>) in several different computer languages, or it can be complied as a binary executable (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPrXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Binary</a>). A physical instantiation of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a> which is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and is related to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSiusZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programCopies</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> that is being executed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcessRunning</a>, related to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu_4wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programOfProcess</a>. ComputerProgram-CW programs computer programme prog progz software title software program programme computer software software titles software programs progs proggies software software programme computer programs code program http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-software-noun-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-program-noun-3 multimedia audio thing MultimediaAudio The ability of the software to play multimedia music The collection of computer programs that consist of several large programs bundled together. Examples of the collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwa_3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MSOffice</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwH7h_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MSBackOffice</a>. SoftwareSuite software suite The ability to indicate the obvious user interface operation on an iconic object by dragging it with a mouse from one point on the screen to another and dropping it there. drag-and-drop thing DragAndDrop abandonware AbandonwareProgram OperatingSystemKernel operating system kernel A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> and an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrxE_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramTypeByFunction</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQ499ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystemKernel</a> is a computer program that functions as the kernel of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> (q.v.). Some functions of kernels include controlling the interface between user programs and hardware devices, and scheduling processes. Not every operating system has a kernel, but all Linux operating systems come with a Linux kernel (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviFn3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinuxKernel_TheProgram</a>). Important specializations or <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQ499ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystemKernel</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYhbZszqzEdac-wACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">Microkernel</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYhbZtzqzEdac-wACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">MonolithicKernel</a> (qq.v.). Instances are collections of software tools used to facilitate the development or execution of other programs. system program type by feature SystemProgramTypeByFeature windows standard mode WindowsStandardMode multimedia thing Multimedia The ability of the software to take advantage of multimedia capabilities, namely animation, digital sound, and music ApacheModule A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPDQI5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramModule_CW</a>. Each instance of this collection is a module of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmL3BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApacheWebServer</a>. apache module DemonstrationProgram Software that is in the incomplete, demonstration stage. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDgVOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DemonstrationProgram</a>s usually do not have full functionality or stability and are designed to test certain aspects of the software. demo ApplicationProgram A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyBIVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplicationProgram</a> is a program whose running copies perform specific functions either directly for users or as background processes. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyBIVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplicationProgram</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQ499ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystemKernel</a>. Together, these three collections partition <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. application program The collection of all <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>s made by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJMJUpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DelphiInternationalLtd</a>. DelphiComputerProgram Delphi program wysiwyg thing Wysiwyg VersionedProgram A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHnyS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VersionedSoftwareObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> which represent programs that are in the most literal sense bought, downloaded, and run on a machine. Positive examples: (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRFdT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuGfGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Linux_RedHat</a> "6.1") (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwRFdT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionFn</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvclthJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WU_FTPD_TheProgram</a> "2.5"). Negative examples: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuGfGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Linux_RedHat</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvclthJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WU_FTPD_TheProgram</a>. The latter are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvi9EhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnversionedProgram</a>. versioned program operating system OperatingSystem A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> is a program that provides an environment in which a user can execute instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyBIVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplicationProgram</a> (q.v.) on the hardware of a computer. That is, running copies of instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> serve as systems that look for and understand user commands, regulate how system resources are used by application programs, handle the internal operations of computers, and so on. Note that <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViws5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystem</a> is disjoint with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvyBIVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApplicationProgram</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQ499ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OperatingSystemKernel</a> (q.v.), and that together these three collections partition <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwT_RmpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProgramFault</a> denotes the most general fault of computer software that leads to vulnerabilities in computers running that software. Only extremely rarely would one assert simply that a program has this attribute, because such an assertion would amount to saying merely that a program has some unspecified flaw that could cause computers to be vulnerable to some unspecified threat. In general it is better to assert that a program has a much more specific fault. program fault ProgramFault MicrosoftComputerProgram Microsoft computer program Software products made by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjegpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MicrosoftInc</a>. OpenSourceComputerProgram A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQHMdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OpenSourceComputerProgram</a> is the collection of programs for which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rva7pXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Source</a> is available to anyone who owns a copy of the program. That means owners are free to run, copy, distribute, study, change, and improve the software. Some prominent instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQHMdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">OpenSourceComputerProgram</a> are the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvmL3BpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ApacheWebServer</a> -- which operates a significant number of the world's web sites, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrDqzpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">BIND_TheProgram</a> -- that provides the domain name service for the Internet, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv8H-YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Linux</a> operating system, GNU software packages, and many computer games. open source program freeware Freeware This collection includes all instances of Freeware, software which is available free of charge. MachineLearningProgram-CW machine learning program CW A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. A program which does not accept new inputs once execution begins, and for which intermediate states are unimportant. Rather, only the input/output function computed is relevant. Opposite of real-time. batch thing BatchProgram An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ProductType</a>. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvh__IJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Shareware</a> are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>s provided free of charge, but for which the author requests some voluntary payment (usually in the accompanying documentation files or in an announcement made by the software itself). Such payment may or may not buy additional support or functionality. shareware Shareware UnversionedProgram A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvhA5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnversionedSoftwareObject</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> which are "unversioned" in the sense that, strictly speaking, not they, but versions of them, are downloaded, run on a machine, etc. Instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvi9EhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">UnversionedProgram</a> are thus highly abstract entities. Positive examples: <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviFn3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinuxKernel_TheProgram</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuGfGZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Linux_RedHat</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvclthJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WU_FTPD_TheProgram</a>. unversioned program Collection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>s (often written in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJYhSpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Perl_ProgrammingLanguage</a>, C/C++, TCL, and many others) run under the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv_UVS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommonGatewayInterface</a> (CGI). These external programs are known as `Scripts' or `Gateways', and are usually run under an information server. CGIScript cgi script A program which responds to inputs during execution OR generates intermediate outputs. Thus a chaotic flow simulation running on a CM is real-time, even though it accepts no inputs during execution, and even though the simulation may take many orders of magnitude longer than the real flow would. The opposite of batch. RealTimeProgram real time program SSH passwordless login modification program HackersPasswordlessLoginModificationCode A program that goes to a user's SSH subdirectory, runs the ssh-keygen (Generate Key) program, enters a null passphrase, then appends a public identity key to the authorized_keys file allowing passwordless login via ssh for a specified account on a specified host. a command to spawn a shell ShellSpawningCode-TheProgram A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is a deliberately created abstract object composed of propositions that together constitute a list of instructions for computers to execute. Example instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjYUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Emacs_TheProgram</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviFn3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinuxKernel_TheProgram</a>. Instances of this collection are distinct from computer code and from both running and installed programs. The instructions that comprise an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> can be expressed as abstract computer code (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a>), but no list of instructions expressed in code constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. Rather, the code in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is expressed constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> that can be related to the program it expresses using the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu7HHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programCode</a>. More than one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a> can express the same instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>; for example, a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> can be written in source code (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rva7pXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Source</a>) in several different computer languages, or it can be complied as a binary executable (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPrXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Binary</a>). A physical instantiation of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a> which is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and is related to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSiusZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programCopies</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> that is being executed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcessRunning</a>, related to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu_4wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programOfProcess</a>. computer program ComputerProgram-CW DB pedia OWL class DBPediaOWLClass A collection of collections. Each instance of this collection is a collection that corresponds to one of the classes in the DBPedia ontology. Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString either a user programme or a daemon (ThePartition UserProgram ServiceProgram) computer program type by platform <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7t_pDm-3QdmFj4-LjqyNqA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramTypeByPlatform</a> is a collection of types of computer programs. Collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r7t_pDm-3QdmFj4-LjqyNqA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramTypeByPlatform</a> are collections of programs for which any instance PROG, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwHFcGJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">runsUnderOS</a> PROG OS) is true for some single value of OS. ComputerProgramTypeByPlatform Facets-Generic facets-Generic A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkGXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TaxonomicSlotForCollections</a> and a specialization (via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvhOImJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typeGenls</a> (q.v.). This is the most general of the "faceting" predicates. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> COL COLTYPE)</code> means that <code>COLTYPE</code> corresponds to one way of dividing <code>COL</code> into subcollections. The instances of <code>COLTYPE</code> are all "the same sort" of subcollection of <code>COL</code>. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rhz6DbnSwEdaAAACgyZzFrg" class="cyc_term">MovieTypeByGenre</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv973YpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Movie_CW</a> according to movie-genre; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv0pzgpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WesternMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFmUH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HorrorMovie</a>. And <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a> facets <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVxAsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Function_Denotational</a> according to the type of thing a given function returns as values; the former's instances thus include such collections as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj62ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IndividualDenotingFunction</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAapwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CollectionDenotingFunction</a>. Note that generic faceting does not entail that the instances of <code>COLTYPE</code> are mutually disjoint. Thus, a given film might be an instance of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCRfN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ChildrensMovie</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv2VcW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionMovie</a>. Note also that generic faceting does not entail that every instance of <code>COL</code> falls under some instance of <code>COLTYPE</code>. Thus, consider the universal identity function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSspMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IdentityFn</a>. Its range of values is so broad that it does not fall under any instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rYZUSFovbQdeY8PrkLdTqKA" class="cyc_term">FunctionTypeByRangeType</a>. Specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvjldVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Generic</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv86JWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Covering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcZ1FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Strict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwA9k15wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">facets_Partition</a>, as well as <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rgQmwRl2xEdif1wACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearCovering</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CIljCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearStrict</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rRA9CJFjCEdiRSAACs2IMlQ" class="cyc_term">facets_NearPartition</a>. Whenever possible, one of these more specific predicates should be used. seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI Partitioned Into partitionedInto (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj1MJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">partitionedInto</a> SETORCOL PART) means that the mathematical set or collection PART is a partition of the mathematical set or collection SETORCOL; that is, the elements of PART are themselves mathematical sets or collections, and every element of SETORCOL is an element of exactly one element of PART, and every element of PART is a subset of SETORCOL. In other words, PART is a set or collection of pairwise disjoint sets or collections whose union is co-extensional with SETORCOL. Typically, the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rk8dxOVcGEdaLwgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">DisjointSetOrCollectionType</a> that plays the role of PART in an assertion about partitioning will be a set specified by enumerating its elements, using the function <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUeB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ThePartition</a>. type of temporally stuff-like thing TemporalStuffType A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> (q.v.) whose instances are all and only those collections that are temporally stuff-like. A collection <code>COL</code> is temporally stuff-like just in case every purely temporal part (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a>) of an instance of <code>COL</code> is itself an instance of <code>COL</code>, unless it is a temporal part of a temporal granule of <code>COL</code> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a>). More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a> it is both a necessary and sufficient condition that for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code> (with <code>OBJ2</code> at or above <code>COL</code>'s temporal granularity level), if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> OBJ1 OBJ2)</code>, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. Take an arbitrary instance <code>WALK</code> of this collection (say Miss America 2000's victory walk down the runway and back); and then take an arbitrary time-slice <code>SUBWALK</code> of <code>WALK</code> that subsumes at least one instance of (the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">granuleOfTemporalStuff</a> for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViYBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TakingAStep</a> (say her trip back from the end of the runway). <code>SUBWALK</code> is itself an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a>. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVitN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalStuffType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViq35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TemporalObjectType</a> for the disjoint notion of being temporally object-like. ConceptualWork conceptual work A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv9p3wpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">DevisedPracticeOrWork</a> (q.v.). Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> is a partially abstract work (in the sense that each instance has a beginning in time, but lacks a location in space) which either has an associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> (q.v.) or has a version with an associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Conceptual works or versions of conceptual works can be instantiated in instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> (q.v.); every such instantiation of a conceptual work will also be an instantiation of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a>. Notable specializations of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwClAZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ConceptualWork</a> include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvfAugpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">VisualWork</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Book_CW</a>. software SoftwareObject-Individual A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> is either a versioned or unversioned non-series software object, such as a program, a version of a program, a software package, or a library. Positive examples include Netscape Navigator, Netscape Navigator version 4.76, glibc, and SUNWzip. Negative examples include Netscape Navigator versions 3 through 4 inclusive, which is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a> (q.v.). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBI78ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareVersionSeries</a> are disjoint and they partition <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIlbF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject</a>. either freeware or a marketed computer programme (ThePartition Freeware MarketedComputerProgram) InformationAndCWs-Topic information and CWs topic <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5HKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramTypeByCreator</a> is a collection of types of computer programs. Collections that are instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5HKoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramTypeByCreator</a> are collections of programs whose instances all have a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjt9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programAuthor</a> in common. ComputerProgramTypeByCreator type of computer program by creator A collection of collections. Instances are subcollections of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>, faceted by their method(s) of distribution. type of computer program by distribution ComputerProgramTypeByDistribution ObjectType type of object The collection of all collections that are "object-like" in at least one respect. A collection <code>COL</code> is object-like just in case there is some sense of 'part' according to which any (or nearly any) given proper part of an instance of <code>COL</code> is not itself an instance of <code>COL</code>; when this happens <code>COL</code> is said to be object-like with respect to that sense of 'part'. More precisely, for a collection <code>COL</code> to be an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a> it is sufficient that there be some specialization <code>PARTPRED</code> of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> such that, for any <code>OBJ1</code> and <code>OBJ2</code>, if <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ1 COL)</code> and <code>(PARTPRED OBJ1 OBJ2)</code> both hold, then <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViBBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">isa</a> OBJ2 COL)</code> does not hold. (Also sufficient for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is that there be some specialization <code>INVPARTPRED</code> of the inverse of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwgfukKs8QdePzLB9nLNpTw" class="cyc_term">properParts</a> (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWHsNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">genlInverse</a>) such that <code>(INVPARTPRED OBJ2 OBJ1)</code>, with everything else remaining the same as above.) Note that neither of the above sufficient conditions for <code>COL</code>'s being an object-type is strictly necessary: some exceptions are allowed. Thus as long as either one of the above conditionals holds in nearly all cases, <code>COL</code> should be considered an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Here are two examples. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. Take an instance of that, say my car. Now consider one of the proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">physicalParts</a> of my car, say the steering wheel. The steering wheel is not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a>. And the same would be true for any proper physical part of any car. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVwZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Automobile</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. Consider <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a>. No proper <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWn4OZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">timeSlices</a> of a year is itself a year. So <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjyV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CalendarYear</a> is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVirnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ObjectType</a>. See <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVir35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">StuffType</a> for the contrasting (though not disjoint) notion of being stuff-like. either an operating system, an application, or an operating system kernel (ThePartition OperatingSystem ApplicationProgram OperatingSystemKernel) (ThePartition UnversionedProgram VersionedProgram) either an unversioned programme or a versioned programme A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is a deliberately created abstract object composed of propositions that together constitute a list of instructions for computers to execute. Example instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjYUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Emacs_TheProgram</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviFn3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinuxKernel_TheProgram</a>. Instances of this collection are distinct from computer code and from both running and installed programs. The instructions that comprise an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> can be expressed as abstract computer code (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a>), but no list of instructions expressed in code constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. Rather, the code in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is expressed constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> that can be related to the program it expresses using the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu7HHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programCode</a>. More than one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a> can express the same instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>; for example, a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> can be written in source code (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rva7pXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Source</a>) in several different computer languages, or it can be complied as a binary executable (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPrXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Binary</a>). A physical instantiation of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a> which is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and is related to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSiusZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programCopies</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> that is being executed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcessRunning</a>, related to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu_4wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programOfProcess</a>. computer program ComputerProgram-CW A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv5L5vZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PropositionalConceptualWork</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvcUMxZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SoftwareObject_Individual</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is a deliberately created abstract object composed of propositions that together constitute a list of instructions for computers to execute. Example instances include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjYUZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Emacs_TheProgram</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rviFn3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LinuxKernel_TheProgram</a>. Instances of this collection are distinct from computer code and from both running and installed programs. The instructions that comprise an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> can be expressed as abstract computer code (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a>), but no list of instructions expressed in code constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>. Rather, the code in which an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is expressed constitutes an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQGTzJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AbstractInformationStructure</a> that can be related to the program it expresses using the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu7HHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programCode</a>. More than one instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwIZO5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode</a> can express the same instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a>; for example, a single instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> can be written in source code (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rva7pXZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Source</a>) in several different computer languages, or it can be complied as a binary executable (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPrXepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerCode_Binary</a>). A physical instantiation of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvwE_DpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgramCopy</a> which is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> and is related to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwSiusZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programCopies</a>. An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> that is being executed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVj8AZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProcessRunning</a>, related to its <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> by the predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvu_4wZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">programOfProcess</a>. computer program ComputerProgram-CW SoftwareTypeByInterfaceFeature software type by interface feature The collection of features that can be present in any particular computer interface. These features describe the interface in terms of how it will be perceived by the user. either a server programme or a local programme (ThePartition ServerProgram LocalProgram) The collection of all instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r_4bScKNtQdiVw7XtX-HN0Q" class="cyc_term">ClarifyingCollectionType</a> that are used by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYbXiJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">QueryAugmentationApplication</a> to resolve natural language ambiguities. QAClarifyingCollectionType QA clarifying collection type <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> is a collection of conceptual works. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> is abstract information that was created at a particular time to be stored on a computer or on media that is readable by a computer. Commonly, files are either programs or data or both. Instances of this collection have associated <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFz9L5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_AIS</a>es and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuPkp5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">fileCopies</a>. A physical instantiation of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQC9Y5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFile_CW</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvrgHFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerFileCopy</a> which is an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a>. Notable specializations include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwJxiRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ComputerProgram_CW</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r3NNXFDgtEdaHLgACs0uFOQ" class="cyc_term">FileDirectory</a>. computer file ComputerFile-CW