]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. public speaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). PublicSpeaking speech address addresses speeches

Public speaking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-public_speaking-noun-1 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-address-verb-2 http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-address-noun-3 ScientificPresentation scientific presentation The collection of all scientific presentations. A type of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVix4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Teaching</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Informing</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPvkW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Presentation</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvQ--Lg7mQdeDd_spgi-q_A" class="cyc_term">ScientificPresentation</a> is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. A collection of communication actions, a subset of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOz-DJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PublicSpeaking</a>. Each instance of this collection is an action where some primary actor(s) are mostly speaking and audience members are mostly listening. Lecturing lecture DeliveringAStumpSpeech giving a stump speech The collection of public speaking events performed by (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVipYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">performedBy</a>, q.v.) someone running for public office, delivered as part of that person's campaign (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQB5gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PoliticalElectionCampaign</a>). Sermon The speaking that a church leader does in front of the church members during a church service. sermon presentation Presentation A lot like lecturing except the audience members may be skeptical and are more likely to be peers of the speaker rather than students. Also the topic is likely to be business or technically related.

GettysburgAddress-Speech the Gettysburg Address

public speaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). PublicSpeaking Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString performing PerformingInFrontOfGroup recipientOfInfo A binary predicate which relates instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVqYY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">recipientOfInfo</a> TRANSFER RECIP)</code> means that the information transferred in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> <code>TRANSFER</code> is received by the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a> <code>RECIP</code>. After <code>TRANSFER</code>, <code>RECIP</code> understands or conceives of the information transferred in <code>TRANSFER</code>; Cyc does NOT conclude that s/he <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkLtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">knows</a> the information or counts it among his/her <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">beliefs</a>, because <code>RECIP</code> might not believe it. In receiving the information transferred, <code>RECIP</code> may be acting intentionally or unintentionally. Note that if the communication event used in the first argument slot of this predicate is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVieg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CommunicationAct_Single</a> and the recipient of the information was intended to receive the information by the originator of the communication event (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVwuhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">communicationTarget</a>) then <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv7XiW5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">recipientOfInfo_Intended</a> should probably be used instead of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVqYY5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">recipientOfInfo</a>. See also <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWUq7JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">infoTransferred</a>, and the slightly orthogonal <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjggpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">intendedAudience</a> (which relates instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvkNufpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationBearingThing</a> to instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvsaaeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_Generic</a>). perceiver skilled activity This is the collection of collections of activities which require some specialized skill to perform--i.e., to play any role which is a specPred of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>. So, all skilled activities are learned, but not all learned activities are skilled. For instance, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi0gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">WalkingOnTwoLegs</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvm8XOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">LearnedActivityType</a> but not an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>. Since every normal person learns to walk, it requires no special skill. In contrast, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvYn_nZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Juggling</a> is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvbVrl5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SkilledActivityType</a>, for most people do not know how to juggle. SkilledActivityType Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> THING URI)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI speaking SpokenCommunicating A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjJB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AudioCommunicating</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> is a transmission of sound-borne verbal information by spoken words between two or more agents (in this way <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> differs from <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi_gpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Speaking</a>, which is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1IRJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SingleDoerAction</a>). The communication may be one-way or two-way (or multi-way). Examples of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViVN5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SpokenCommunicating</a> include a telephone conversation, a classroom discussion, and the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQCayZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GettysburgAddress_Speech</a>. public speaking Relatively formal public speaking. Usually a podium or lecture is involved. A group of people are in the audience. The stuff spoken is usually non-fiction prose. Theatrical performances are not in this category (else rules like sender is stationary would be wrong). PublicSpeaking Required Actor Slots A typed-specialization (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv3W2hJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">typedGenlPreds</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvo8bsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">rolesForEventType</a> (q.v.), whose second argument-place is constrained to instances (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvuItPZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">argIsa</a>) of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAKZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActorSlot</a>. (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCgF_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> EVENTTYPE ACTORSLOT) means that for any instance EVENT of EVENTTYPE, there is some participant ACTOR that fills ACTORSLOT in EVENT (i.e. (ACTORSLOT EVENT ACTOR) holds). For example, (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwCgF_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">requiredActorSlots</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjeiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CreationEvent</a> <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWStbZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">outputsCreated</a>) means that in any creation event some output is created. requiredActorSlots information sender senderOfInfo The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a> is used to indicate the sending agent in a particular transfer of information. <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a> TRANSFER SENDER)</code> means that <code>SENDER</code> is an agent who is the source of information transferred in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVifB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">InformationTransferEvent</a> <code>TRANSFER</code>. At the time of <code>TRANSFER</code> (and typically for some period beforehand), <code>SENDER</code> conceives of the information transferred in <code>TRANSFER</code>. It's not the case that SENDER necessarily knows the 'information' or has it among his/her beliefs (see the predicates <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkLtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">knows</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViA0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">beliefs</a>), because <code>TRANSFER</code> could involve lying (e.g., <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwPzTeJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">GeorgeWashington</a>'s telling his father, 'I didn't chop down the cherry tree'). Note that <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViPLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">senderOfInfo</a> TRANSFER SENDER)</code> implies that <code>SENDER</code> performs <code>TRANSFER</code> intentionally, in the sense that there is some other agent (related to <code>TRANSFER</code> via <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVwuhZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">communicationTarget</a>) that <code>SENDER</code> is attempting to transfer information to via <code>TRANSFER</code>. Of course, <code>SENDER</code> may or may not be successful in transferring that information to the other agent. IntelligentAgentActivity intelligent agent activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVioQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Action</a> (q.v.). Every instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rGGsQIeqUEdqTjAACs6hPlA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgentActivity</a> is an action, each of whose "doers" (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rQ9dkLFWAQdeQE7cXOq70Qg" class="cyc_term">animateDoer</a>s) is either an <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a> or a group of such agents (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are intelligent agents). Specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjVMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Reading</a>. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name