]> 2009/04/07 OpenCyc Knowledge Base Copyright© 2001-2009 Cycorp, Inc., http://www.cyc.com/, Austin, TX, USA This file contains an OWL representation of information contained in the OpenCyc Knowledge Base. The content of this OWL file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license whose text can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode. The content of this OWL file, including the OpenCyc content it represents, constitutes the "Work" referred to in the Creative Commons license. The terms of this license equally apply to, without limitation, renamings and other logically equivalent reformulations of the content of this OWL file (or portions thereof) in any natural or formal language, as well as to derivations of this content or inclusion of it in other ontologies. Mappings between OpenCyc terms and Wikipedia article names provided by Olena Medelyan and Catherine Legg, University of Waikato, NZ under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license. externalID A unique, language-neutral, variable-sized identifier for a concept that can be used to refer unambiguously to that concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. label A natural-language representation for a concept that is both human readable and readable by the Cyc inference engine. These terms are not guaranteed to refer to the same concept across time but are guaranteed to be consistent within a particular OWL export. Use 'cycAnnot:externalID' for unambiguously referring to a concept across OWL exports or across Cyc inference engines. Murder An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBuz3MzzQdafRIhmtFlxqg" class="cyc_term">KillingPerson</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> is an event in which someone is illegally killed. The key features that make a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> are (a) the organism killed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>; and (b) the killing violates some law. murder have murdered murders slay murdering will have slain slew have slain murdered had murdered will have murdered will slay will murder slays has slain had slain slaying slain has murdered Murder http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder http://www.w3.org/2006/03/wn/wn20/instances/synset-murder-verb-1 (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed Gun-Portable) murder in which a portable gun is used murder device used remote controlled device bomb MurderDeviceUsedRemoteControlledDeviceBomb A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which an agent murders a person 'execution-style.' Execution-style may mean several things, but essentially the idea is that an agent kills another in the manner that someone might be put to death as in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvlgftZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Execution_Judicial</a>. A notable specialization of this collection is <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rAM9krhDzEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">ShootingSomeoneExecutionStyle</a>, and this collection may include murders by beheading, hanging, burning, and so forth. ExecutionStyleMurder execution burking BurkingSomeone-Murder A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rlokwkLjCEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">BurkingSomeone_Murder</a>, someone murders someone else without leaving a trace on the body. murder in which remote-controlled bomb is used (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed (RemoteControlledDeviceFn Bomb)) This is the scene in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvtTXxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">MurderForHire</a> script in which the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4ru31cEDnkEdaGrQCgydoeiw" class="cyc_term">hitman</a> carries out the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a>. contract murder ContractMurder The first scene in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rp1J9YJbSEdaAAACgycbQqA" class="cyc_term">GangWarCycle</a> in which one of the gangs kills one of the other gang's members, which constitutes an attack on the other gang. GangWarAttack gang war attack AssassinatingSomeone assassination A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a>. In each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvckb65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AssassinatingSomeone</a>, a person is killed for political reasons, and the murder has political significance. murder in which an ax is used (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed Axe) MurderingSomeoneByDrowning This is the subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> in which the victim dies by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViFBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Drowning</a>. murdering someone by drowning (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed HandGrenade) murder in which a hand grenade is used ExecutionStyledMurder A collection of events; a subcollection of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a>. In each <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rVlbtVLjDEdmAAAACs6hRjg" class="cyc_term">ExecutionStyledMurder</a>, someone murders someone else execution-style. executing murder in which a car bomb is used (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed CarBomb-VehicleDelivered) murder in which a waterpipe is used (SubcollectionOfWithRelationToTypeFn Murder deviceUsed Pipe-Plumbing) The last scene in a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rp1J9YJbSEdaAAACgycbQqA" class="cyc_term">GangWarCycle</a> in which the gang attacked in the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rrI-G4pbSEdaAAACgycbQqA" class="cyc_term">GangWarAttack</a> retaliates by killing one of the members of the attacking gang. GangWarRetaliation gang war retaliation This is the killing scene in the script for <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4r5OdJpmHNEdaAAACQJ5pZBw" class="cyc_term">PremeditatedMurder</a>. CommittingTheMurder committing the murder A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwOf2ypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ActionOnObject</a> (q.v.). Typically, each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rbFH62AijSke60ULlwRqijQ" class="cyc_term">IrreflexiveAction</a> is an action wherein the doer (i.e the filler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a> role) is different than the object acted on (i.e. the filler of the <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVi65pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">objectActedOn</a> role). <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViynJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Surgery</a> are representative specializations of this collection. Contrast this collection with <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rUqeaKmrUTnmfCVKxKhwneQ" class="cyc_term">ReflexiveAction</a>. IrreflexiveAction irreflexive action homicide KillingPerson Pretty String (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> TERM STRING) means that STRING is the English word or expression (sequence of words) commonly used to refer to TERM. The predicate <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwLSVCpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">prettyString</a> is used by the code which generates CycL to English paraphrases, but its applicability is not restricted to this use. prettyString immoral act ImmoralAct Actions which are immoral and wrong with respect to a particular moral code of conduct. The moral analog of a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a> (see <font color="#ff0000">#$HowToDescribeCrimes</font>). A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViNqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AnimalActivity</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViN65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HumanActivity</a> is a spatially-localized action each of whose &quot;doers&quot; (see <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1HmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">doneBy</a>) is either a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> or a group of humans (i.e. a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjmoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Group</a> all of whose members are <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rIcwFloGUQdeMlsOWYLFB2w" class="cyc_term">HomoSapiens</a> or groups of humans). HumanActivity human activity A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQr3kpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackOnTangible</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwDgCrpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">ViolentAction</a>. Each instance of this collection is an event in which one <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (or a small group of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s) physically attacks another <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a> (or small group of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAB5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Agent_PartiallyTangible</a>s.) Such attacks often (but not always) result in an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HarmingAnAgent</a>. Notable specializations of this collection include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVkKlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Charging_Rushing</a>, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjr4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">HittingAnOpponent</a>, and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvs5iKJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">SexualAssault</a>. <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViJvJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent</a> events are also sub-events of each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwASNK5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Fight_Physical</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViusJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Battle</a>. physically attacking an agent PhysicallyAttackingAnAgent type of terrorist attack tactic A specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvWgTEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">AttackType</a>. Each instance of this collection is a collection of action types that are typically performed by terrorist agents as attacks. For example, <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBuz3MzzQdafRIhmtFlxqg" class="cyc_term">KillingPerson</a> is not a specialization of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwFYGEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">TerroristAttack</a>s, but it is typical of terrorist agents that their attacks are often instances of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBuz3MzzQdafRIhmtFlxqg" class="cyc_term">KillingPerson</a>.. TerroristAttackTacticType Wikipedia Article URL (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNv0nbm4TTjOp7yhmnzOyqg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleURL</a> THING URL) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article located at URL wikipediaArticleURL seeAlsoURI <code>(<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4riWVFR6HJSpaEaHrcWS3MSA" class="cyc_term">seeAlsoURI</a> <b>THING</b> <b>URI</b>)</code> means that a description of the resource identified by URI is likely to contain information pertinent to THING. This predicate is roughly equivalent to rdfs:seeAlso. See Also URI Murder murder An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBuz3MzzQdafRIhmtFlxqg" class="cyc_term">KillingPerson</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> is an event in which someone is illegally killed. The key features that make a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> are (a) the organism killed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>; and (b) the killing violates some law. Murder murder An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBuz3MzzQdafRIhmtFlxqg" class="cyc_term">KillingPerson</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> is an event in which someone is illegally killed. The key features that make a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> are (a) the organism killed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>; and (b) the killing violates some law. A collection of collections of events. If PUNCT is an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a>, then each instance of PUNCT is temporally `unextended', i.e., its occurrence bisects an imaginary timeline in a `before' and an `after' segment without residue. More precisely, we'll say that EVT is an instance of an instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> iff its starting point and its ending point coincide, i.e., if its temporal extent is `point-like' up to a reasonable time granularity scale. PunctualEventType type of punctual event NonNaturalThing The collection of non-natural individuals. This collection is hard to precisely define but, roughly, something is an instance of this collection just in case it is one of the following: 1) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a> acts that are intentionally performed by <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s, or 2) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVjaApwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Individual</a>s that in some significant sense &quot;could only have been the result&quot; of the intentional activities of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVinb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IntelligentAgent</a>s (or groups thereof). Positive examples in the first category include <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwP1F75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CesareanBirth</a>s, negative examples include eating. Positive examples in the second category include instances of industrial pollution and tire tracks. Negative examples include human vomit and human (bare) footprints. unnatural thing Murder murder An instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rv4unQpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">PunctualEventType</a> and a specialization of both <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwBuz3MzzQdafRIhmtFlxqg" class="cyc_term">KillingPerson</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> is an event in which someone is illegally killed. The key features that make a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvVisLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">KillingByOrganism</a> a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrtcJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Murder</a> are (a) the organism killed is a <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViAkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">Person</a>; and (b) the killing violates some law. CriminalAct criminal act A <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rHIBS0h_TEdaAAABQ2rksLw" class="cyc_term">FirstOrderCollection</a>. Each instance of <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rwQrrDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">CriminalAct</a> is a relatively serious <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvnndOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA" class="cyc_term">IllegalAction</a>. This excludes relatively minor infractions such as (in most legal systems) <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rNxXZrF29QdmXa7u9gKY-CA" class="cyc_term">Jaywalking</a> and <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTnASCC8oQdiGK8gwuHwqSg" class="cyc_term">Littering</a>. wikipediaArticleName (<a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rTv-jk9SPTXa991kk5mAvHg" class="cyc_term">wikipediaArticleName</a> THING NAME) means that in <a href="http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rtqXA6OC8QdiWC72DuLJdUw" class="cyc_term">Wikipedia_WebSite</a> THING is described by an article with the title NAME Wikipedia Article Name